⚡ Optimize release wheels with SDK/Core PGO (Phase 2)

[burgholzer]

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Description

Add combined SDK/Core profile-guided optimization (PGO) to Linux and macOS release wheels. CMake owns Core ThinLTO in the instrumented and final builds; the SDK rebuild uses PGO with LTO disabled. Linux applies BOLT to the final binaries and validates the repaired wheel with training workloads and the shared installed CMake consumer under Clang and GCC.

This draft is stacked on #2715, including #2717's CMake package isolation and #2718's concrete DD operations. It retains portable CPU settings on every wheel platform, the assertion-free LLVM/MLIR 23.1.2 SDK, and the current Workflows #464 compiler-cache and #491 native mold 3 pins. Linux BOLT tooling depends on SDK #94.

Linux uses matched distribution Clang, LLD, compiler-rt, and llvm-profdata packages from manylinux_2_28. The Phase 1 static Clang 22 bundle lacks the profiling tools required here. macOS uses Apple Clang. scripts/prepare_release.py supplies the generated CMAKE_PROJECT_INCLUDE_BEFORE configuration for both platforms; Windows clears the profiling hooks and keeps its normal portable build. The rebuilt SDK retains its assertion, exception-handling, and RTTI settings.

Validation on the restacked branch:

• Repository lint, Python compilation, and Bash syntax checks pass.
• The Linux provisioning preflight accepts a complete SDK and rejects missing or non-executable BOLT tools before downloading LLVM sources; temporary command shims also verify macOS skips this check.
• Cibuildwheel 4.3 accepts Linux, macOS, and Windows configurations. Effective settings retain the PGO include on Linux/macOS and disable profiling hooks on Windows.
• Native CMake configuration succeeds with ThinLTO and build RPATHs selected.
• The shared installed consumer builds and passes CTest with GCC 13 and Clang 23 against the qualified Phase 1 Clang 22 ThinLTO wheel.

Linux qualification is currently blocked: the selected released SDK lacks the BOLT tools, and SDK #94 remains open. Provisioning now requires executable llvm-bolt, merge-fdata, and llvm-strip before the LLVM source download or PGO build. The full SDK/Core PGO build, Linux BOLT processing, final optimized-wheel validation, and macOS qualification have not been run on this head. Baseline consumer checks do not establish this pipeline's correctness or performance. No C++ source changes are introduced relative to #2715. AI assistance covered the restack, configuration alignment, review, and focused validation.

Checklist

• The pull request only contains commits that are focused and relevant to this change.
• I have added appropriate tests that cover the new/changed functionality.
• I have updated the documentation to reflect these changes.
• The changes follow the project's style guidelines and introduce no new warnings.
• The changes are fully tested and pass the CI checks.
• I have reviewed my own code changes.

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 97.98658% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
include/mqt-core/dd/CachedEdge.hpp	83.3%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/dd/CachedEdge.cpp	94.1%	1 Missing ⚠️
src/dd/Edge.cpp	99.0%	1 Missing ⚠️

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