Warn about wrong rate() usage even without metadata

docs/changelog.md

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
   {"status.üp"} == 0
   ```
 
+- [promql/rate](checks/promql/rate.md) will now report a warning if it detects a `rate(sum(...))`
+  but doesn't have metadata to confirm if `...` is a counter or not.
+
 ## v0.67.3
 
 ### Fixed

internal/checks/promql_rate.go

@@ -144,9 +144,12 @@ func (c RateCheck) checkNode(ctx context.Context, node *parser.PromQLNode, entri
 						continue
 					}
 					if e.Rule.RecordingRule != nil && e.Rule.RecordingRule.Expr.SyntaxError == nil && e.Rule.RecordingRule.Record.Value == s.Name {
-						for _, sm := range utils.HasOuterSum(e.Rule.RecordingRule.Expr.Query) {
-							if sv, ok := sm.Expr.(*promParser.VectorSelector); ok {
-								metadata, err := c.prom.Metadata(ctx, sv.Name)
+						for _, src := range utils.LabelsSource(e.Rule.RecordingRule.Expr.Value.Value, e.Rule.RecordingRule.Expr.Query.Expr) {
+							if src.Type != utils.AggregateSource {
+								continue
+							}
+							for _, vs := range src.Selectors {
+								metadata, err := c.prom.Metadata(ctx, vs.Name)
 								if err != nil {
 									text, severity := textAndSeverityFromError(err, c.Reporter(), c.prom.Name(), Bug)
 									problems = append(problems, exprProblem{
@@ -155,15 +158,30 @@ func (c RateCheck) checkNode(ctx context.Context, node *parser.PromQLNode, entri
 									})
 									continue
 								}
+								canReport := true
+								severity := Warning
 								for _, m := range metadata.Metadata {
-									if m.Type == v1.MetricTypeCounter {
-										problems = append(problems, exprProblem{
-											text: fmt.Sprintf("`rate(sum(counter))` chain detected, `%s` is called here on results of `%s`, calling `rate()` on `sum()` results will return bogus results, always `sum(rate(counter))`, never `rate(sum(counter))`.",
-												node.Expr, sm),
-											severity: Bug,
-										})
+									// nolint:exhaustive
+									switch m.Type {
+									case v1.MetricTypeCounter:
+										severity = Bug
+									default:
+										canReport = false
 									}
 								}
+								if !canReport {
+									continue
+								}
+								problems = append(problems, exprProblem{
+									text: fmt.Sprintf("`rate(%s(counter))` chain detected, `%s` is called here on results of `%s(%s)`.",
+										src.Operation, node.Expr, src.Operation, vs),
+									details: fmt.Sprintf(
+										"You can only calculate `rate()` directly from a counter metric. "+
+											"Calling `rate()` on `%s()` results will return bogus results because `%s()` will hide information on when each counter resets. "+
+											"You must first calculate `rate()` before calling any aggregation function. Always `sum(rate(counter))`, never `rate(sum(counter))`",
+										src.Operation, src.Operation),
+									severity: severity,
+								})
 							}
 						}
 					}

internal/checks/promql_rate_test.go

@@ -27,7 +27,11 @@ func notCounterText(name, uri, fun, metric, kind string) string {
 }
 
 func rateSumText(rateName, sumExpr string) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("`rate(sum(counter))` chain detected, `rate(%s)` is called here on results of `%s`, calling `rate()` on `sum()` results will return bogus results, always `sum(rate(counter))`, never `rate(sum(counter))`.", rateName, sumExpr)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("`rate(sum(counter))` chain detected, `rate(%s)` is called here on results of `%s`.", rateName, sumExpr)
+}
+
+func rateSumDetails() string {
+	return "You can only calculate `rate()` directly from a counter metric. Calling `rate()` on `sum()` results will return bogus results because `sum()` will hide information on when each counter resets. You must first calculate `rate()` before calling any aggregation function. Always `sum(rate(counter))`, never `rate(sum(counter))`"
 }
 
 func TestRateCheck(t *testing.T) {
@@ -678,6 +682,7 @@ func TestRateCheck(t *testing.T) {
 						},
 						Reporter: "promql/rate",
 						Text:     rateSumText("my:sum[5m]", "sum(foo)"),
+						Details:  rateSumDetails(),
 						Severity: checks.Bug,
 					},
 				}
@@ -839,6 +844,55 @@ func TestRateCheck(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 		},
+		{
+			description: "sum(rate(sum)) / sum(rate(sum))",
+			content: `
+- alert: Plexi_Worker_High_Signing_Latency
+  expr: |
+    sum(
+      rate(global:response_time_sum{namespace!~"test[.].+"}[15m])
+    ) by (environment, namespace)
+    /
+    sum(
+      rate(global:response_time_count{namespace!~"test[.].+"}[15m])
+    ) by (environment, namespace)
+    > 3000
+`,
+			checker:    newRateCheck,
+			prometheus: newSimpleProm,
+			entries: mustParseContent(`
+- record: global:response_time_sum
+  expr: sum(response_time_sum:rate2m)
+- record: response_time_sum:rate2m
+  expr: rate(response_time_sum[2m])
+`),
+			problems: func(_ string) []checks.Problem {
+				return []checks.Problem{
+					{
+						Lines: parser.LineRange{
+							First: 3,
+							Last:  11,
+						},
+						Reporter: "promql/rate",
+						Text:     rateSumText(`global:response_time_sum{namespace!~"test[.].+"}[15m]`, "sum(response_time_sum:rate2m)"),
+						Details:  rateSumDetails(),
+						Severity: checks.Warning,
+					},
+				}
+			},
+			mocks: []*prometheusMock{
+				{
+					conds: []requestCondition{requireConfigPath},
+					resp:  configResponse{yaml: "global:\n  scrape_interval: 53s\n"},
+				},
+				{
+					conds: []requestCondition{
+						requireMetadataPath,
+					},
+					resp: metadataResponse{metadata: map[string][]v1.Metadata{}},
+				},
+			},
+		},
 	}
 	runTests(t, testCases)
 }