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182 changes: 182 additions & 0 deletions src/pages/models/cenki-2022-uht-granulitic-terranes/index.md
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---
templateKey: model
slug: cenki-2022-uht-granulitic-terranes
title: 'Timing of partial melting and granulite formation during the genesis of high
to ultra‐high temperature terranes: Insight from numerical experiments'
date: '2024-10-25T06:41:30.000Z'
featuredpost:
for_codes:
- 370401
status:
- completed
doi: https://doi.org/10.25914/aaen-nc33
url: https://mate.science//models/cenki-2022-uht-granulitic-terranes
creditText: 'Cenki-Tok or Cenki, B., Rey, Patrice F.., Arcay, D., & Giordani, J. (2024).
Timing of partial melting and granulite formation during the genesis of high to
ultra‐high temperature terranes: Insight from numerical experiments [Data set].
AuScope, National Computational Infrastructure. https://doi.org/aaen-nc33'
software:
name: Underworld 2
doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3975252
url_source: ''
licence:
licence_url: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
licence_image: ../../../img/licence/by.png
description: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
licence_file: license.txt
submitter:
name: Bénédicte
family_name: Cenki-Tok or Cenki
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7649-4498
creators:
- name: Bénédicte
family_name: Cenki-Tok or Cenki
ORCID: 0000-0001-7649-4498
- name: Patrice
family_name: Rey
ORCID: 0000-0002-1767-8593
- name: Diane
family_name: Arcay
ORCID: 0000-0001-6773-0807
- name: Julian
family_name: Giordani
ORCID: 0000-0003-4515-9296
associated_publication:
title: 'Timing of partial melting and granulite formation during the genesis of
high to ultra‐high temperature terranes: Insight from numerical experiments'
url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ter.12577
doi: 10.1111/ter.12577
publisher: Wiley
journal: Terra Nova
date: 2022-1-14
authors:
- name: Bénédicte
family_name: Cenki
- name: Patrice F.
family_name: Rey
- name: Diane
family_name: Arcay
- name: Julian
family_name: Giordani
compute_info:
name: ''
organisation: ''
url: ''
doi: ''
research_tags:
- HT‐UHT terranes
- Orogenic cycle
compute_tags:
- Python
- Finite Element
funder:
- name: ''
doi: ''
abstract: Long‐lived high to ultra‐high temperature (HT‐UHT) granulitic terranes formed
throughout Earth's history. Yet, the detailed processes involved in their formation
remain unresolved and notably the sequence of appearance and duration of migmatisation
and granulites conditions in the orogenic cycle. These processes can be evaluated
by analytical and numerical models. First, solving the steady‐state heat equation
allows underlining the interdependency of the parameters controlling the crustal
geotherm at thermal equilibrium. Second, performing two‐dimensional thermo‐mechanical
experiments of an orogenic cycle, from shortening to gravitational collapse, allows
to consider non‐steady‐state geotherms and understand how deformation velocity may
affect the relative timing of migmatite and granulite formation. These numerical
experiments with elevated radiogenic heat production and slow shortening rates allow
the formation of large volumes of prograde migmatites and granulites going through
the sillimanite field as observed in many HT‐UHT terranes. Finally, the interplay
between these parameters can explain the difference in predicted pressure‐temperature‐time
paths that can be compared with the natural rock archive.
description: Long-lived high to ultra-high temperature (HT-UHT) granulitic terranes
formed throughout Earth's history. Yet, the detailed processes involved in their
formation remain unresolved and notably the sequence of appearance and duration
of migmatisation and granulites conditions in the orogenic cycle. These processes
can be evaluated by analytical and numerical models. First, solving the steady-state
heat equation allows underlining the interdependency of the parameters controlling
the crustal geotherm at thermal equilibrium. Second, performing two-dimensional
thermo-mechanical experiments of an orogenic cycle, from shortening to gravitational
collapse, allows to consider non-steady-state geotherms and understand how deformation
velocity may affect the relative timing of migmatite and granulite formation. These
numerical experiments with elevated radiogenic heat production and slow shortening
rates allow the formation of large volumes of prograde migmatites and granulites
going through the sillimanite field as observed in many HT-UHT terranes. Finally,
the interplay between these parameters can explain the difference in predicted pressure-temperature-time
paths that can be compared with the natural rock archive.
images:
landing_image:
src: ./graphics/Figure2_v9.png
caption: ' Figure 2. A-B. Model geometry, initial conditions as well as geotherm,
viscosity and density profiles. The circles pattern superimposed on the continental
crust represents the finite strain ellipses. White squares represent the Lagrangian
particles recording the PTt paths presented in Fig. 4. A. Initial conditions
for models RHP2_diff, mimicking a Proterozoic highly differentiated and highly
radiogenic crust. B. Initial conditions for model RHP1_unif, simulating a Phanerozoic
uniform and less radiogenic crust. C-J. Orogenic modeling results showing two
snapshots for each model: i) shortening-delamination and ii) collapse. Shortening
velocity is either slow (0.24 cm.y-1, C-F) or fast (2.4 cm.y-1, G-J).'
graphic_abstract:
src: ./graphics/Figure3_v6.png
caption: ' Figure 3. Depth – time profiles indicating the onset of partial melting
and granulite formation through the evolution of the models.'
model_setup:
src: ''
caption: ''
animation:
src:
caption: ''
model_setup_info:
url: ''
summary: "The numerical models are performed with Underworld, a well-tested open-source
finite element code, to solve the equations of conservation of momentum, mass,
and energy for an incompressible fluid on a Cartesian Eulerian mesh (Moresi et
al., 2007; Beucher et al., 2019). The 2D thermo-mechanical experiments involve
a geological model of dimensions 480 km x 160 km discretized over a computational
grid made of 240 x 80 elements. The initial setup consists of a 35 km or 40 km
thick crust with 20 km of air-like material above, and mantle below (Fig. 2A-B).
Each model runs through three stages: \r\n\r\ni) a shortening phase during which
the crust thickens to ~ 60 km with either a slow total velocity of 0.24 cm/yr
during 70 My or a fast total velocity of 2.4 cm/yr during ~ 7 My (delivering a
strain rate averaged over the length of the model of $1.6 \\times 10^{-16} s^{-1}$
and $1.6 \\times 10^{-15} s^{-1}$ respectively); ii) a rapid increase in BHF (from
$0.020 W/m^2$ to $0.030 W/m^2$) over 2.5 My while the velocities imposed on the
vertical boundaries are set to zero (vx = vy = 0 cm/yr) mimicking the thermal
impact of a mantle delamination phase; iii) a relaxation phase in which the crust
returns to normal thickness under slow extensional boundary conditions (total
velocity of 0.10 cm/yr) associated with a decrease in BHF from $0.030 W/m^2$ to
$0.020 W/m^2$ in ~ 70 My. Details of modeling procedures, rheological and thermal
parameters, as well as the input Python script, are available as supplementary
data.\r\n\r\nThese experiments focus on two end-member crustal structures with
average values of total RHP at ~ $1 \\mu W/m^3$ and ~ $2 \\mu W/m^3$ (Fig. 2).
A value of ~ $1 \\mu W/m^3$ is in line with RHP calculations predicted from the
present-day composition of the bulk continental crust determined by Taylor and
McLennan (1995). Models RHP1_unif mimic a Phanerozoic orogenic cycle involving
a continental crust with a uniform RHP ($1.0483 \\mu W/m^3$) yielding an initial
Moho temperature of 650°C at 40 km depth (Fig. 1A). However, Mareschal and Jaupart
(2013), Artemieva et al. (2017), and Gard et al. (2019) showed that the crustal
RHP may have been higher than ~ $1 \\mu W/m^3$ during the Proterozoic, having
varied between ~ $0.8 \\mu W/m^3$ and ~ $4 \\mu W/m^3$ between 0.5 Ga and 2.5
Ga with an average RHP close to ~ $2 \\mu W/m^3$. In addition, recent studies
reveal that, in tectonically stable regions, the upper crust’s RHP may be higher
than in the lower crust (Goes et al., 2020; Alessio et al., 2020). The conditions
for model RHP2_diff include a total average RHP of ~ $2.0922 \\mu W/m^3$ with
high RHP in the upper crust (~ $5 \\mu W/m^3$) that decreases exponentially with
a length scale factor $h_c$ of 20 km yielding an initial Moho temperature at 35
km depth of 650°C (Fig. 1D). Models RHP2_diff aim at approaching thermal conditions
of a differentiated crust prevailing during the Proterozoic."
model_files:
url: ''
notes: ''
file_tree: ''
existing_identifier: https://github.com/underworld-community/cenki-et-al-UHT-granulitic-terranes
nci_file_path:
https://thredds.nci.org.au/thredds/catalog/nm08/MATE/cenki-2022-uht-granulitic-terranes/catalog.html
include: true
dataset:
url: ''
notes: ''
existing_identifier: ''
nci_file_path:
https://thredds.nci.org.au/thredds/catalog/nm08/MATE/cenki-2022-uht-granulitic-terranes/catalog.html
include: true
metadataFile: ro-crate-metadata.json
---
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