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| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
|---|---|---|
| @@ -0,0 +1,116 @@ | ||
| # FP16×INT4 Dequantize GEMV 算子设计文档 | ||
|
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||
| ## 1. 概述 | ||
|
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| ### 1.1 算子名称 | ||
| dequant_gemv_fp16xint4 | ||
|
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||
| ### 1.2 功能描述 | ||
| 矩阵-向量乘法算子,支持INT4量化权重。输入向量A为FP16,权重矩阵B为INT4量化(存储在INT8),计算 C = A × B^T。 | ||
|
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| ### 1.3 数学公式 | ||
| $$ | ||
| C = A \times B^T | ||
| $$ | ||
|
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| INT4 unpack公式(每个INT8存储两个INT4): | ||
| $$ | ||
| B_{dequant}[j] = (B_{packed}[j // 2] >> (4 \times (j \% 2))) \& 0xF | ||
| $$ | ||
|
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||
| ## 2. Ascend硬件限制分析 | ||
|
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| ### 2.1 关键限制 | ||
|
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| | 操作 | Ascend支持情况 | 说明 | | ||
| |-----|--------------|------| | ||
| | `_tir_packed_int_to_int_convert` | 不支持 | GPU专用TIR intrinsic,无Ascend codegen | | ||
| | `T.tile.cast(int8→int16)` | 不支持 | 只支持int8→half, half→int16等 | | ||
| | `T.Parallel + bitwise + cast` | 导致错误 | 生成v_thread变量,Ascend无法处理 | | ||
|
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| ### 2.2 支持的操作 | ||
|
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| | 操作 | Ascend支持 | 示例 | | ||
| |-----|-----------|-----| | ||
| | `T.gemm_v0(fp16×fp16→fp32)` | 支持 | 标准FP16 matmul | | ||
| | Host端PyTorch bitwise操作 | 支持 | INT4 unpack在CPU执行 | | ||
|
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| ## 3. 设计方案 | ||
|
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| ### 3.1 方案选择:Host端预处理 + NPU标准GEMV | ||
|
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| **选定理由**: | ||
| 1. 完全避开Ascend不支持的INT4 unpack操作 | ||
| 2. NPU端使用已验证的标准FP16 GEMV(参考gemv_c) | ||
| 3. 简单可靠,易于调试 | ||
|
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| ### 3.2 数据流 | ||
|
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| ``` | ||
| Host (CPU): | ||
| B_packed (N, K//2, int8) → unpack → B_fp16 (N, K, fp16) | ||
| ↓ | ||
| Send to NPU | ||
|
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| NPU: | ||
| A (1, K, fp16) + B_fp16 (N, K, fp16) → GEMV → C (1, N, fp16) | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| ### 3.3 核心代码结构 | ||
|
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||
| ```python | ||
| # Host端unpack (PyTorch) | ||
| def unpack_int4_to_fp16(B_packed): | ||
| N, K_compressed = B_packed.shape | ||
| K = K_compressed * 2 | ||
| B = torch.zeros(N, K, dtype=torch.float16) | ||
| for j in range(K): | ||
| shift = 4 * (j % 2) | ||
| B[:, j] = ((B_packed[:, j // 2].int() >> shift) & 0xF).half() | ||
| return B | ||
|
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| # NPU端GEMV (TileLang) | ||
| @tl.jit(out_idx=[-1], pass_configs={...}) | ||
| def gemv_fp16(N, K, block_N, block_K): | ||
| @T.prim_func | ||
| def main(A, B, C): | ||
| with T.Kernel(n_num, is_npu=True) as (bn_idx, _): | ||
| for bk in T.serial(k_num): | ||
| T.copy(A[0, bk * block_K], A_L1) | ||
| T.copy(B[bn_idx * block_N, bk * block_K], B_L1) | ||
| T.gemm_v0(A_L1, B_L1, C_L0, transpose_B=True, init=(bk == 0)) | ||
| T.copy(C_L0, C[0, bn_idx * block_N]) | ||
| return main | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| ## 4. 文件结构 | ||
|
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| ``` | ||
| examples/dequant_gemv/ | ||
| ├── example_dequant_gemv_fp16xint4.py # 算子实现 | ||
| ├── design_dequant_gemv_fp16xint4.md # 本设计文档 | ||
| ├── example_dequant_gemv_int8xint4.py # INT8版本 | ||
| └── README.md # 使用说明 | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| ## 5. 性能考虑 | ||
|
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| ### 5.1 Host端开销 | ||
| - INT4 unpack在CPU执行,有额外开销 | ||
| - 数据传输:B_packed → unpack → B_fp16 → NPU | ||
| - 可优化:预处理权重,避免每次推理都unpack | ||
|
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| ### 5.2 NPU端性能 | ||
| - 使用标准FP16 GEMV,性能可预测 | ||
| - 可进一步优化block大小 | ||
|
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| ## 6. 验证标准 | ||
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| | dtype | atol | rtol | | ||
| |-------|------|------| | ||
| | float16 | 1e-3 | 1e-3 | | ||
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| ## 7. 参考 | ||
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| - [tilelang/examples/dequantize_gemm/example_dequant_gemv_fp16xint4.py](../../tilelang/examples/dequantize_gemm/) - GPU版本 | ||
| - [examples/gemv/example_gemv_c.py](../gemv/example_gemv_c.py) - Ascend GEMV模式 |
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| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
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| # INT8×INT4 Dequantize GEMM 算子设计文档 | ||
|
|
||
| ## 1. 概述 | ||
|
|
||
| ### 1.1 算子名称 | ||
| dequant_gemm_int8xint4 | ||
|
|
||
| ### 1.2 功能描述 | ||
| 矩阵乘法算子,支持INT4量化权重。输入矩阵A为INT8,权重矩阵B为INT4量化(存储在INT8),计算 C = A × B^T。 | ||
|
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||
| ### 1.3 数学公式 | ||
| $$ | ||
| C = A \times B^T | ||
| $$ | ||
|
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||
| INT4 unpack公式(带符号扩展): | ||
| $$ | ||
| B_{dequant}[j] = \text{sign\_extend}((B_{packed}[j // 2] >> (4 \times (j \% 2))) \& 0xF) | ||
| $$ | ||
|
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||
| ## 2. Ascend硬件限制分析 | ||
|
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||
| ### 2.1 关键限制 | ||
|
|
||
| | 操作 | Ascend支持情况 | 说明 | | ||
| |-----|--------------|------| | ||
| | `_tir_packed_int_to_int_convert` | 不支持 | GPU专用TIR intrinsic | | ||
| | `_tir_u8_to_i4_to_i8` | 不支持 | GPU专用转换函数 | | ||
| | `T.gemm_v0(int8×int8→int32)` | 支持 | Ascend原生INT8 matmul | | ||
|
|
||
| ## 3. 设计方案 | ||
|
|
||
| ### 3.1 方案选择:Host端预处理 + NPU INT8 matmul | ||
|
|
||
| **选定理由**: | ||
| 1. 完全避开Ascend不支持的INT4 unpack操作 | ||
| 2. NPU端使用已验证的标准INT8×INT8→INT32 matmul(参考quant_matmul) | ||
| 3. INT8 matmul是Ascend原生支持的高效操作 | ||
|
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| ### 3.2 数据流 | ||
|
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| ``` | ||
| Host (CPU): | ||
| A (M, K, int8) ─────────────────────┐ | ||
| │ | ||
| B_packed (N, K//2, int8) → unpack → B_int8 (N, K, int8) | ||
| │ | ||
| Send to NPU | ||
|
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| NPU: | ||
| A (M, K, int8) × B_int8^T (K, N, int8) → C (M, N, int32) | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| ### 3.3 核心代码结构 | ||
|
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||
| ```python | ||
| # Host端unpack (PyTorch) | ||
| def unpack_int4_to_int8(B_packed): | ||
| N, K_compressed = B_packed.shape | ||
| K = K_compressed * 2 | ||
| B = torch.zeros(N, K, dtype=torch.int8) | ||
| for j in range(K): | ||
| shift = 4 * (j % 2) | ||
| i4 = (B_packed[:, j // 2].to(torch.int32) >> shift) & 0xF | ||
| i4_signed = ((i4 << 28) >> 28) # 符号扩展 | ||
| B[:, j] = i4_signed.to(torch.int8) | ||
| return B | ||
|
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||
| # NPU端GEMM (TileLang) | ||
| @tl.jit(out_idx=[-1]) | ||
| def gemm_int8(M, N, K, block_M, block_N, block_K): | ||
| @T.prim_func | ||
| def main(A, B, C): | ||
| with T.Kernel(m_num * n_num, is_npu=True) as (cid, _): | ||
| with T.Scope("C"): | ||
| for k in T.serial(k_num): | ||
| T.copy(A[bx * block_M, k * block_K], A_L1) | ||
| T.copy(B[k * block_K, by * block_N], B_L1) | ||
| T.barrier_all() | ||
| T.gemm_v0(A_L1, B_L1, C_L0, init=(k == 0)) | ||
| T.barrier_all() | ||
| T.copy(C_L0, C[bx * block_M, by * block_N]) | ||
| return main | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| ## 4. 文件结构 | ||
|
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||
| ``` | ||
| examples/dequant_gemv/ | ||
| ├── example_dequant_gemv_int8xint4.py # 算子实现 | ||
| ├── design_dequant_gemv_int8xint4.md # 本设计文档 | ||
| ├── example_dequant_gemv_fp16xint4.py # FP16版本 | ||
| └── README.md # 使用说明 | ||
| ``` | ||
|
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| ## 5. 性能考虑 | ||
|
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| ### 5.1 Block参数 | ||
|
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| | 参数 | 推荐值 | 说明 | | ||
| |-----|-------|------| | ||
| | block_M | 128 | M方向分块 | | ||
| | block_N | 256 | N方向分块 | | ||
| | block_K | 64 | K方向分块 | | ||
|
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| ### 5.2 维度要求 | ||
| - M, N, K 应能被对应block整除,避免tail处理 | ||
|
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| ## 6. 验证标准 | ||
|
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| | dtype | atol | rtol | | ||
| |-------|------|------| | ||
| | int32 | 0 | 0 (精确匹配) | | ||
|
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| ## 7. 参考 | ||
|
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||
| - [tilelang/examples/dequantize_gemm/example_dequant_gemm_w4a8.py](../../tilelang/examples/dequantize_gemm/) - GPU W4A8版本 | ||
| - [examples/quant_batch_matmul/example_quant_matmul.py](../quant_batch_matmul/example_quant_matmul.py) - Ascend INT8 matmul模式 | ||
| - [examples/gemm/example_gemm.py](../gemm/example_gemm.py) - Ascend GEMM模式 |
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examples/dequant_gemm/example_dequant_gemm_fp16xint4.py
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| """ | ||
| INT4 Dequantize GEMV on TileLang-Ascend | ||
|
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| 设计思路: | ||
| - Host端:使用PyTorch完成INT4 → FP16 unpack(避开Ascend不支持的操作) | ||
| - NPU端:运行标准FP16×FP16 GEMV(使用已验证的gemv_c模式) | ||
|
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| 参考: | ||
| - tilelang/examples/gemv/example_gemv_c.py(Ascend GEMV基础模式) | ||
| - examples/quant_batch_matmul/example_quant_batch_matmul.py(Ascend量化matmul模式) | ||
| """ | ||
|
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| import argparse | ||
| import torch | ||
| import tilelang as tl | ||
| import tilelang.language as T | ||
|
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| tl.cache.clear_cache() | ||
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| def unpack_int4_to_fp16(B_packed: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: | ||
| """ | ||
| 将INT4 packed权重unpack为FP16。 | ||
|
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| Args: | ||
| B_packed: (N, K//2) int8 tensor,每个byte存储2个INT4 | ||
|
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| Returns: | ||
| B: (N, K) float16 tensor | ||
| """ | ||
| N, K_compressed = B_packed.shape | ||
| K = K_compressed * 2 | ||
|
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| B = torch.zeros(N, K, dtype=torch.float16, device=B_packed.device) | ||
| for j in range(K): | ||
| shift = 4 * (j % 2) | ||
| B[:, j] = ((B_packed[:, j // 2].int() >> shift) & 0xF).half() | ||
|
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| return B | ||
|
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|
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| @tl.jit( | ||
| out_idx=[-1], | ||
| pass_configs={ | ||
| tl.PassConfigKey.TL_ASCEND_AUTO_SYNC: True, | ||
| tl.PassConfigKey.TL_ASCEND_AUTO_CV_COMBINE: True, | ||
| } | ||
| ) | ||
| def gemv_fp16(N: int, K: int, block_N: int, block_K: int, dtype="float16", accum_dtype="float32"): | ||
| """ | ||
| Ascend标准FP16 GEMV kernel。 | ||
| 参考 examples/gemv/example_gemv_c.py | ||
| """ | ||
| FRACTAL_SIZE = 16 | ||
|
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| n_num = T.ceildiv(N, block_N) | ||
| k_num = T.ceildiv(K, block_K) | ||
|
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| @T.prim_func | ||
| def main( | ||
| A: T.Tensor((1, K), dtype), # type: ignore | ||
| B: T.Tensor((N, K), dtype), # type: ignore | ||
| C: T.Tensor((1, N), dtype), # type: ignore | ||
| ): | ||
| with T.Kernel(n_num, is_npu=True) as (bn_idx, _): | ||
| A_L1 = T.alloc_L1((FRACTAL_SIZE, block_K), dtype) | ||
| B_L1 = T.alloc_L1((block_N, block_K), dtype) | ||
| C_L0 = T.alloc_L0C((FRACTAL_SIZE, block_N), accum_dtype) | ||
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| for bk in T.serial(k_num): | ||
| T.copy(A[0, bk * block_K], A_L1) | ||
| T.copy(B[bn_idx * block_N, bk * block_K], B_L1) | ||
| T.gemm_v0(A_L1, B_L1, C_L0, transpose_B=True, init=(bk == 0)) | ||
|
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| T.copy(C_L0, C[0, bn_idx * block_N]) | ||
|
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| return main | ||
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| def dequant_gemv_fp16xint4(A: torch.Tensor, B_packed: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: | ||
| """ | ||
| INT4 Dequantize GEMV完整流程。 | ||
|
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| Args: | ||
| A: (1, K) float16 输入向量 | ||
| B_packed: (N, K//2) int8 packed权重 | ||
|
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| Returns: | ||
| C: (1, N) float16 输出向量 | ||
| """ | ||
| N, K_compressed = B_packed.shape | ||
| K = K_compressed * 2 | ||
|
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| # Step 1: Host端INT4 → FP16 unpack | ||
| B_fp16 = unpack_int4_to_fp16(B_packed).npu() | ||
|
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| # Step 2: NPU端标准GEMV | ||
| block_N = 128 | ||
| block_K = 128 | ||
| kernel = gemv_fp16(N, K, block_N, block_K) | ||
|
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| C = kernel(A.npu(), B_fp16) | ||
|
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| return C | ||
|
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|
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| def ref_dequant_gemv(A: torch.Tensor, B_packed: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor: | ||
| """PyTorch参考实现""" | ||
| B_fp16 = unpack_int4_to_fp16(B_packed) | ||
| return torch.matmul(A, B_fp16.T).half() | ||
|
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|
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| def check_case(N: int, K: int): | ||
| """验证测试""" | ||
| K_compressed = K // 2 | ||
|
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| torch.manual_seed(42) | ||
|
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| A = torch.randn(1, K, dtype=torch.float16) | ||
| B_packed = torch.randint(0, 127, (N, K_compressed), dtype=torch.int8) | ||
|
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| C_npu = dequant_gemv_fp16xint4(A, B_packed).cpu() | ||
| C_ref = ref_dequant_gemv(A, B_packed) | ||
|
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| torch.testing.assert_close(C_npu, C_ref, atol=1e-3, rtol=1e-3) | ||
|
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| def main(custom_args=None): | ||
| parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="FP16×INT4 Dequantize GEMV Example") | ||
| parser.add_argument("--n", type=int, default=1024, help="Output dimension N") | ||
| parser.add_argument("--k", type=int, default=1024, help="Input dimension K") | ||
| args, remains = parser.parse_known_args(custom_args) | ||
| if remains: | ||
| print(f"[{parser.description}]", "Unknown args:", remains) | ||
|
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| torch.manual_seed(0) | ||
| tl.cache.clear_cache() | ||
|
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| check_case(args.n, args.k) | ||
| check_case(512, 512) | ||
| check_case(4096, 4096) | ||
|
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| print("FP16×INT4 Dequantize GEMV example passed!") | ||
| print("Kernel Output Match!") | ||
|
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| return True | ||
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|
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| if __name__ == "__main__": | ||
| main() | ||
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The CPU-based unpack implementation uses a Python loop over the
Kdimension, which is extremely inefficient for large tensors. Using vectorized PyTorch operations will significantly speed up the host-side preprocessing.