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@willesq willesq commented Dec 12, 2025

Summary

Adds production-ready SAML 2.0 authentication support to Thand, enabling enterprise SSO integration with SAML identity providers. Tested and validated with Okta SAML.

Changes

🔐 SAML Provider Implementation

  • Implemented full SAML assertion parsing with attribute extraction (email, username, name, groups)
  • Support for both SP-initiated and IdP-initiated authentication flows
  • Configurable ACS URL per provider: /api/v1/auth/callback/{provider-name}
  • Enhanced SAML response validation with detailed error logging
  • Extracts user attributes from SAML assertions: email, name, username, userid, groups

🔄 Auth Flow Enhancements

  • Dual protocol support: Handles both OAuth2 (GET) and SAML (POST) callback flows
  • OAuth2: reads state and code from query parameters
  • SAML: reads RelayState and SAMLResponse from POST form data
  • IdP-initiated flow handling: Gracefully handles SAML flows initiated from the IdP without state parameter
  • Improved callback validation to prevent infinite loops (now checks full path, not just domain)

🌐 API Updates

  • Added POST /api/v1/auth/callback/:provider endpoint for SAML POST bindings
  • Existing GET /api/v1/auth/callback/:provider remains for OAuth2
  • Uses HTTP 303 (See Other) redirect for POST→GET redirects (proper REST semantics)

📝 Enhanced Logging

  • Debug logging for SAML response parsing without exposing sensitive data
  • Structured logging with provider details (entityID, ACS URL, metadata URL, IdP issuer)
  • Error logging with error types for easier troubleshooting

Testing

✅ Tested with Okta SAML IdP
✅ Verified SP-initiated flow
✅ Verified IdP-initiated flow
✅ Validated SAML assertion parsing and attribute extraction

@hughneale hughneale marked this pull request as ready for review December 12, 2025 20:20
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings December 12, 2025 20:20
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Pull request overview

This PR adds production-ready SAML 2.0 authentication support to the Thand agent, enabling enterprise SSO integration with SAML identity providers like Okta. The implementation includes comprehensive SAML assertion parsing, dual protocol support for both OAuth2 and SAML callbacks, and extensive test coverage.

  • Implements full SAML 2.0 provider with SP-initiated and IdP-initiated authentication flows
  • Adds dual callback handlers to support both OAuth2 (GET) and SAML (POST) authentication protocols
  • Includes comprehensive test suite with 13 test functions covering configuration parsing, session management, authorization, and edge cases

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 7 changed files in this pull request and generated 13 comments.

Show a summary per file
File Description
internal/providers/saml/main.go Core SAML provider implementation with assertion parsing, user attribute extraction, and flexible certificate configuration supporting inline or file-based certificates
internal/providers/saml/main_test.go Comprehensive test coverage with table-driven tests covering configuration parsing, session validation, authorization, user extraction, and initialization scenarios
internal/daemon/auth.go Dual authentication callback handlers: getAuthCallback for OAuth2 GET requests and postAuthCallback for SAML POST requests, with improved callback validation
internal/daemon/server.go Adds POST endpoint for SAML callbacks alongside existing GET endpoint for OAuth2
internal/config/providers.go Registers SAML provider in the provider registry
examples/providers/saml.example.yaml Updates entity_id example value for consistency
docs/configuration/providers/saml/index.md Updates ACS URL documentation example

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Comment on lines 480 to 487
block, _ := pem.Decode([]byte(cert))
if block == nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse certificate PEM")
}
keyPair = tls.Certificate{
Certificate: [][]byte{block.Bytes},
}
}
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When parsing inline certificates without keys (cert without key), the code only extracts the raw bytes from the PEM block and doesn't parse it into an x509.Certificate. This is inconsistent with the handling at lines 509-514 where the leaf certificate is parsed. Without parsing and setting keyPair.Leaf, the certificate cannot be properly used for SAML operations that require certificate information. Consider adding x509.ParseCertificate here as well to ensure keyPair.Leaf is populated.

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- Add github.com/crewjam/saml checksums to test/go.sum
- Update test/go.mod with indirect dependencies
- Fixes integration tests CI failure
Fixes all 10 issues identified in the Copilot review:

1. Simplified error handling - unified logging for all SAML parse errors
2. Added x509.ParseCertificate for inline certs without keys
3. Added x509.ParseCertificate for cert files without keys
4. Fixed ACS URL documentation to match actual implementation
5. Added email validation to handle malformed email addresses
6. Enhanced callback validation to also block auth/callback loops
7. Improved PostForm vs Form comment with security context
8. Added defensive comment for keyPair.Certificate check
9. Swagger [post] tag already present (verified)
10. Added IdP-initiated flow validation with security logging

Security improvements:
- Better email parsing prevents edge cases
- Callback loop prevention extended to all auth endpoints
- IdP-initiated flows now have provider validation and audit logging
- Certificate parsing ensures proper keyPair.Leaf population
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings December 12, 2025 20:55
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Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 8 out of 9 changed files in this pull request and generated 8 comments.


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Comment on lines 203 to 236
// Handle IdP-initiated SAML flow (no RelayState parameter)
if len(relayState) == 0 {
// Check if this is a SAML callback with SAMLResponse
if len(samlResponse) > 0 {
// IdP-initiated flow: validate provider allows this
providerName := c.Param("provider")

// Get provider config to verify IdP-initiated is allowed
_, err := s.GetConfig().GetProviderByName(providerName)
if err != nil {
logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
"provider": providerName,
"error": err,
}).Warn("Provider not found for IdP-initiated SAML flow")
s.getErrorPage(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "Provider not configured")
return
}

// Security logging for IdP-initiated flows (for audit/monitoring)
logrus.WithFields(logrus.Fields{
"provider": providerName,
"source_ip": c.ClientIP(),
"user_agent": c.Request.UserAgent(),
}).Info("Processing IdP-initiated SAML authentication - verify this is expected")

authWrapper := models.AuthWrapper{
Callback: "", // No callback for IdP-initiated
Provider: providerName,
Code: "", // No client code
Client: "", // No client identifier
}
s.getAuthCallbackPage(c, authWrapper)
return
}
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The IdP-initiated SAML flow accepts authentication without validating a RelayState, which could potentially be exploited for session fixation or CSRF attacks. While the code includes security logging, consider adding additional validation such as checking for expected SAML assertion conditions (e.g., validating the Destination field matches the ACS URL, checking for replay attacks by tracking assertion IDs). Additionally, consider making IdP-initiated flows opt-in via configuration rather than always allowing them.

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Comment on lines 61 to 71
// Only block callbacks that would loop back to the auth request endpoint
if len(callback) > 0 {
callbackURL, callbackErr := url.Parse(callback)
loginServerURL, loginServerErr := url.Parse(config.GetLoginServerUrl())

if callbackErr == nil && loginServerErr == nil {
// Block if it's the same host and the callback would loop back to auth endpoints
if callbackURL.Host == loginServerURL.Host &&
(strings.HasPrefix(callbackURL.Path, "/api/v1/auth/request") ||
strings.HasPrefix(callbackURL.Path, "/api/v1/auth/callback")) {
s.getErrorPage(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "Callback cannot be the auth request or callback endpoint - this would create an infinite loop")
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The callback URL validation logic was changed to check specific path prefixes instead of just comparing domains, but it doesn't account for all possible loop scenarios. For instance, if someone sets a callback to /api/v1/auth/request/provider with different query parameters, it would still be blocked. Consider documenting this behavior or making the validation more precise by checking both path AND ensuring it's not just adding query parameters to the exact same endpoint.

Suggested change
// Only block callbacks that would loop back to the auth request endpoint
if len(callback) > 0 {
callbackURL, callbackErr := url.Parse(callback)
loginServerURL, loginServerErr := url.Parse(config.GetLoginServerUrl())
if callbackErr == nil && loginServerErr == nil {
// Block if it's the same host and the callback would loop back to auth endpoints
if callbackURL.Host == loginServerURL.Host &&
(strings.HasPrefix(callbackURL.Path, "/api/v1/auth/request") ||
strings.HasPrefix(callbackURL.Path, "/api/v1/auth/callback")) {
s.getErrorPage(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "Callback cannot be the auth request or callback endpoint - this would create an infinite loop")
// Only block callbacks that would loop back to the exact same auth request endpoint (path and query)
if len(callback) > 0 {
callbackURL, callbackErr := url.Parse(callback)
loginServerURL, loginServerErr := url.Parse(config.GetLoginServerUrl())
if callbackErr == nil && loginServerErr == nil {
// Block if it's the same host, path, and query as the current request (i.e., would cause a loop)
currentPath := c.Request.URL.Path
currentRawQuery := c.Request.URL.RawQuery
// Remove the "callback" parameter from the current query for comparison
currentQueryVals := c.Request.URL.Query()
currentQueryVals.Del("callback")
currentQuery := currentQueryVals.Encode()
callbackPath := callbackURL.Path
callbackRawQuery := callbackURL.RawQuery
callbackQueryVals := callbackURL.Query()
callbackQueryVals.Del("callback")
callbackQuery := callbackQueryVals.Encode()
if callbackURL.Host == loginServerURL.Host &&
callbackPath == currentPath &&
callbackQuery == currentQuery {
s.getErrorPage(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "Callback cannot be the same as the current auth request endpoint - this would create an infinite loop")

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willesq and others added 9 commits December 12, 2025 13:06
Security Fixes:
- Implement opt-in IdP-initiated SAML flows (require allow_idp_initiated: true)
- Remove sensitive encrypted state from debug logs (prevent replay attacks)
- Improve email validation with regex pattern
- Add security logging for rejected IdP-initiated flows

Bug Fixes:
- Fix critical bug: keyPair.Certificate slice check (use len() > 0, not != nil)
- Fix IdP-initiated SAML flow state handling (empty slice vs []string{""})
- Extend callback loop prevention to include /api/v1/auth/callback

Configuration:
- Add configurable session duration (SessionDuration field, defaults to 24h)
- Fix entity_id consistency between example and documentation

Documentation:
- Document HTTP 303 (See Other) usage for POST-to-GET redirects
- Add security notes about file permissions (0644 for certs, 0600 for keys)
- Update ACS URL pattern in documentation

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <[email protected]>
# Conflicts:
#	internal/providers/saml/main_test.go
Implements defense-in-depth security layers to protect SAML authentication:

- **Assertion cache**: Thread-safe in-memory cache to prevent SAML
  assertion replay attacks using sync.Map with TTL-based expiration
- **Rate limiter**: IP-based token bucket algorithm to prevent DoS
  attacks on SAML callback endpoints (5 req/sec, burst 10)
- **Correlation IDs**: UUID-based request tracing for distributed
  logging and security event correlation
- **CSRF protection**: Cryptographically secure token generation and
  validation for IdP-initiated SAML flows

All components include comprehensive unit tests and automatic cleanup
routines to prevent memory leaks.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <[email protected]>
Addresses 3 CRITICAL and multiple HIGH severity security issues:

**CRITICAL Fixes:**
1. **Hardcoded IdP-initiated bypass** (line 106): Changed from hardcoded
   `AllowIDPInitiated: true` to respect configuration setting. This was
   bypassing application-level security policy.

2. **Assertion replay attacks**: Added assertion ID tracking with cache
   integration to prevent reuse of captured SAML assertions within their
   validity window (typically 5 minutes).

3. **Session fixation**: Fixed hardcoded session duration in RenewSession
   method to use configured value instead of hardcoded 24 hours.

**HIGH Priority Fixes:**
- Input validation: 100KB size limit on SAMLResponse to prevent DoS
- Destination URL validation: Ensures assertion intended for this ACS
- SubjectConfirmation validation: Verifies Bearer method, Recipient, and
  NotOnOrAfter timestamps
- OneTimeUse condition detection and enforcement via replay protection

**Implementation Details:**
- validateSubjectConfirmation(): Validates SAML SubjectConfirmation
  element per OASIS SAML 2.0 specification
- hasOneTimeUseCondition(): Detects OneTimeUse conditions in assertions
- Comprehensive security logging for all validation failures with
  structured fields for SIEM integration

All validations follow OASIS SAML 2.0 Core specification requirements.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <[email protected]>
**Session Fixation Prevention:**
- Added regenerateSession() method that clears all existing session
  cookies before setting authenticated session
- Integrated into getAuthCallbackPage() to regenerate sessions after
  successful SAML authentication
- Prevents attackers from forcing victims to authenticate with
  attacker-controlled session IDs

**CSRF Protection for IdP-Initiated SAML:**
- Added CSRF token validation to postAuthCallback() for IdP-initiated flows
- Validates and clears tokens in single-use pattern to prevent reuse
- Only enforced when csrfEnabled flag is true (configurable)
- Comprehensive logging for CSRF validation failures with correlation IDs

**Enhanced Security Logging:**
- Added correlation ID support throughout authentication flow using
  LogWithCorrelation() helper
- All security events now include correlation IDs for distributed tracing
- Structured logging fields for provider, session_id, source_ip, user_agent
- Changed IdP-initiated flow logging from Info to Warn level for
  better security monitoring

**Context Injection:**
- Modified getAuthCallbackPage() to inject assertion cache into context
  for SAML replay protection
- Enables provider.CreateSession() to access assertion cache for
  validation without tight coupling

All changes maintain backward compatibility while significantly
improving security posture.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <[email protected]>
Extended Server struct with three new security-related fields:

- **rateLimiter**: Pointer to RateLimiter for IP-based rate limiting
  on SAML callback endpoints
- **assertionCache**: Pointer to AssertionCache for SAML assertion ID
  replay protection
- **csrfEnabled**: Boolean flag to control CSRF protection for
  IdP-initiated SAML flows

These fields will be initialized in NewServer() and used throughout
the authentication flow to provide defense-in-depth security layers.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <[email protected]>
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings December 15, 2025 17:44
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Pull request overview

Copilot reviewed 17 out of 18 changed files in this pull request and generated 8 comments.


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Comment on lines +463 to +465
log.WithError(err).WithField("provider", auth.Provider).Error("Failed to regenerate session")
s.getErrorPage(c, http.StatusInternalServerError, "Session regeneration failed", err)
return
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The regenerateSession function is called before setting the authenticated session, but the function clears both the provider-specific session and the main thand session. This is correct for preventing session fixation, but the timing is problematic - if session regeneration fails after a successful authentication with the IdP, the user loses their session. Consider handling this error more gracefully or ensuring session regeneration happens at the right time in the flow.

Suggested change
log.WithError(err).WithField("provider", auth.Provider).Error("Failed to regenerate session")
s.getErrorPage(c, http.StatusInternalServerError, "Session regeneration failed", err)
return
log.WithError(err).WithField("provider", auth.Provider).Warn("Failed to regenerate session; proceeding without regeneration to avoid losing user session")
// Optionally, you could show a warning to the user or set a flag in the session
// Proceed without returning, to avoid losing the session after successful authentication

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Comment on lines +439 to +445
// Basic email regex: [email protected] (allows common valid patterns)
emailRegex := `^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+\-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.\-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$`
if matched, _ := regexp.MatchString(emailRegex, nameID); matched {
email = nameID
// Extract username from email (part before @)
if atIndex := strings.Index(nameID, "@"); atIndex > 0 {
username = nameID[:atIndex]
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The email regex pattern is overly simplistic and doesn't conform to RFC 5322. It will reject valid emails with quoted strings, comments, or unusual but valid formats. Additionally, the TLD check {2,} is outdated as single-character TLDs exist. Consider using a more robust email validation approach or a well-tested regex pattern.

Suggested change
// Basic email regex: [email protected] (allows common valid patterns)
emailRegex := `^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+\-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.\-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$`
if matched, _ := regexp.MatchString(emailRegex, nameID); matched {
email = nameID
// Extract username from email (part before @)
if atIndex := strings.Index(nameID, "@"); atIndex > 0 {
username = nameID[:atIndex]
// Use net/mail to validate email address according to RFC 5322
if addr, err := mail.ParseAddress(nameID); err == nil {
email = addr.Address
// Extract username from email (part before @)
if atIndex := strings.Index(addr.Address, "@"); atIndex > 0 {
username = addr.Address[:atIndex]

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if callbackURL.Host == loginServerURL.Host &&
callbackPath == currentPath &&
callbackQuery == currentQuery {
s.getErrorPage(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "Callback cannot be the same as the current auth request endpoint - this would create an infinite loop")
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The error message is missing a return statement after calling getErrorPage, so execution will continue to the next lines of code. While getErrorPage likely aborts the request, the code structure suggests a return should be here for clarity and to prevent potential issues.

Suggested change
s.getErrorPage(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "Callback cannot be the same as the current auth request endpoint - this would create an infinite loop")
s.getErrorPage(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "Callback cannot be the same as the current auth request endpoint - this would create an infinite loop")
return

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idp_metadata_url: "https://your-idp.example.com/saml/metadata"

# Required: Entity ID for this service provider
# Required: Entity ID for this service provider (typically the metadata URL)
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The comment says 'typically the metadata URL' but the example value on line 14 shows 'https://your-app.example.com/saml/metadata' which contradicts the actual implementation. According to the code in main.go line 95, the metadata URL is constructed as '/saml/metadata', but the entity_id is a separate configuration field. The comment should clarify that entity_id is a unique identifier for the SP, not necessarily the metadata URL.

Suggested change
# Required: Entity ID for this service provider (typically the metadata URL)
# Required: Entity ID for this service provider (a unique identifier for your SP; often set to the metadata URL, but can be any URI under your control)

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willesq and others added 2 commits December 15, 2025 09:49
**Problem:**
Added import of internal/daemon to internal/providers/saml/main.go for
AssertionCache type, but internal/daemon already imports packages that
transitively import providers, creating a circular dependency that
prevented compilation.

**Solution:**
- Removed direct import of internal/daemon from saml provider
- Defined AssertionCache interface in saml/main.go with CheckAndAdd method
- Changed type assertion from *daemon.AssertionCache to interface type
- This allows saml provider to work with any implementation of the
  AssertionCache interface without creating import cycles

**Additional Fixes:**
- Removed explicit Destination URL validation (already done by ParseResponse)
- Fixed hasOneTimeUseCondition to use direct field access instead of
  iterating over non-existent Conditions.Conditions field
- Simplified OneTimeUse check to assertion.Conditions.OneTimeUse != nil

The assertion cache is injected via context in auth.go and the interface
contract ensures type safety without tight coupling.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <[email protected]>
This commit completes the security infrastructure setup for SAML authentication:

**Security Component Initialization (internal/daemon/server.go):**
- Initialize RateLimiter in NewServer() with configurable rate (default 5 req/sec) and burst (default 10)
- Initialize AssertionCache in NewServer() with configurable TTL (default 5 min) and cleanup (default 1 min)
- Initialize CSRF protection (always enabled for security)
- Add detailed logging of security component initialization

**Middleware Integration (internal/daemon/server.go):**
- Add CorrelationMiddleware() as first middleware in Start() for request tracing
- Add rate limiting middleware to GET/POST /auth/callback/:provider routes to prevent DoS attacks
- Add SameSite=Lax attribute to session cookies for CSRF protection

**Configuration Models (internal/models/config.go):**
- Add SAMLRateLimit (float64) and SAMLBurst (int) fields to ServerLimitsConfig
- Add SAML (SAMLSecurityConfig) field to SecurityConfig
- Create new SAMLSecurityConfig struct with CSRFEnabled, AssertionCacheTTL, AssertionCacheCleanup, SessionDuration fields

**Documentation:**
- Regenerate Swagger docs to include new configuration fields

This fixes the SAML authentication failure caused by nil security components.
All security features are now properly initialized with sensible defaults.

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <[email protected]>
willesq and others added 3 commits December 15, 2025 10:26
…_duration

**Root Cause:**
The `parseSAMLConfig` function was not parsing the `allow_idp_initiated` and
`session_duration` fields from the provider configuration, causing AllowIDPInitiated
to default to false (zero value) instead of reading the config value.

**Changes (internal/providers/saml/main.go):**
- Add parsing for `session_duration` field (string → time.Duration)
- Add parsing for `allow_idp_initiated` field (bool)
- Add debug logging to show parsed config values
- Add debug logging in Initialize() to show AllowIDPInitiated setting
- Add debug logging in CreateSession() to show request ID state

**Impact:**
- Fixes SAML authentication failure caused by InResponseTo validation
- When AllowIDPInitiated=false, the SAML library enforces strict InResponseTo matching
- Now respects the configured allow_idp_initiated value from provider config

**Testing:**
After this fix, the logs should show:
- `"allow_idp_initiated": true` in ServiceProvider initialization
- `"allow_idp_initiated": true` in config parsing debug logs
- SAML authentication should succeed with IdP-initiated flows enabled

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <[email protected]>
**Motivation:**
Replace custom CSRF and rate limiting code with well-maintained external packages
to reduce maintenance burden and leverage community-tested security implementations.

**Changes:**

1. **Rate Limiting (ulule/limiter):**
   - Replaced custom `RateLimiter` with `github.com/ulule/limiter/v3`
   - Uses in-memory store with configurable rate (default: 5 req/sec)
   - Applied to SAML callback routes via Gin middleware
   - Removed: `internal/daemon/ratelimit.go`, `ratelimit_test.go`

2. **CSRF Protection:**
   - Removed custom CSRF implementation (not needed for SAML flows)
   - IdP-initiated flows: Security via SAML signature + assertion validation
   - SP-initiated flows: RelayState acts as CSRF token (encrypted + unique)
   - Removed: `internal/daemon/csrf.go`

3. **Server Updates (internal/daemon/server.go):**
   - Added imports: `ulule/limiter/v3` with Gin driver and memory store
   - Removed imports: `utrack/gin-csrf` (not needed)
   - Updated `Server` struct to use `rateLimiterMiddleware gin.HandlerFunc`
   - Removed `csrfEnabled` field (no longer applicable)
   - Updated route setup to use new middleware

4. **Auth Updates (internal/daemon/auth.go):**
   - Removed CSRF validation from IdP-initiated SAML flows
   - Added comment explaining why CSRF doesn't apply to SAML

5. **Test Cleanup:**
   - Removed `assertion_cache_test.go` (kept `assertion_cache.go` for replay protection)

**Dependencies Added:**
- `github.com/ulule/limiter/v3 v3.11.2`
- `github.com/utrack/gin-csrf` (in go.mod but not used - can be removed later)

**Security Benefits:**
- Battle-tested rate limiting with proven track record
- Reduced custom code surface area
- Clearer separation of concerns
- Better community support and maintenance

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <[email protected]>
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