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‎posts/2022-02-24-Rust-1.59.0.md

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---
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layout: post
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title: "Announcing Rust 1.59.0"
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author: The Rust Team
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release: true
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---
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The Rust team has published a new version of Rust, 1.59.0. Rust is a programming
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language that is empowering everyone to build reliable and efficient software.
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---
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Today's release falls on the day in which the world is captured by the sudden
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invasion of Ukraine by Putin's forces. Before going into the details of the new
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Rust release, we'd like to state that we stand in solidarity with the people of
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Ukraine and express our support for all people affected by this conflict.
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----
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If you have a previous version of Rust installed via rustup, you can get 1.59.0
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with:
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```console
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rustup update stable
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```
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If you don't have it already, you can [get `rustup`][install]
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from the appropriate page on our website, and check out the
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[detailed release notes for 1.59.0][notes] on GitHub.
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[install]: https://www.rust-lang.org/install.html
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[notes]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/RELEASES.md#version-1590-2022-02-24
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## What's in 1.59.0 stable
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### Inline assembly
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The Rust language now supports inline assembly. This enables many applications
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that need very low-level control over their execution, or access to
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specialized machine instructions.
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When compiling for x86-64 targets, for instance, you can now write:
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```rust
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use std::arch::asm;
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// Multiply x by 6 using shifts and adds
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let mut x: u64 = 4;
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unsafe {
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asm!(
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"mov {tmp}, {x}",
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"shl {tmp}, 1",
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"shl {x}, 2",
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"add {x}, {tmp}",
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x = inout(reg) x,
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tmp = out(reg) _,
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);
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}
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assert_eq!(x, 4 * 6);
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```
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The format string syntax used to name registers in the `asm!` and `global_asm!`
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macros is the same used in Rust [format strings], so it should feel quite familiar
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to Rust programmers.
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The assembly language and instructions available with inline assembly vary
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according to the target architecture. Today, the stable Rust compiler supports
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inline assembly on the following architectures:
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* x86 and x86-64
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* ARM
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* AArch64
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* RISC-V
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You can see more examples of inline assembly in [Rust By Example][asm-example],
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and find more detailed documentation in the [reference][asm-reference].
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[asm-example]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rust-by-example/unsafe/asm.html
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[asm-reference]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/reference/inline-assembly.html
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[format strings]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/fmt/
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### Destructuring assignments
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You can now use tuple, slice, and struct patterns as the left-hand side of an
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assignment.
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```rust
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let (a, b, c, d, e);
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(a, b) = (1, 2);
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[c, .., d, _] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
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Struct { e, .. } = Struct { e: 5, f: 3 };
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assert_eq!([1, 2, 1, 4, 5], [a, b, c, d, e]);
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```
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This makes assignment more consistent with `let` bindings, which have long
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supported the same thing. Note that destructuring assignments with operators
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such as `+=` are not allowed.
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### Const generics defaults and interleaving
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Generic types can now specify default values for their const generics. For
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example, you can now write the following:
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```rust
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struct ArrayStorage<T, const N: usize = 2> {
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arr: [T; N],
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}
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impl<T> ArrayStorage<T> {
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fn new(a: T, b: T) -> ArrayStorage<T> {
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ArrayStorage {
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arr: [a, b],
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}
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}
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}
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```
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Previously, type parameters were required to come before all const parameters.
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That restriction has been relaxed and you can now interleave them.
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```rust
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fn cartesian_product<
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T, const N: usize,
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U, const M: usize,
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V, F
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>(a: [T; N], b: [U; M]) -> [[V; N]; M]
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where
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F: FnMut(&T, &U) -> V
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{
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// ...
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}
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```
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### Future incompatibility warnings
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Sometimes bugs in the Rust compiler cause it to accept code that should not
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have been accepted. An example of this was [borrows of packed struct
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fields][packed_borrows] being allowed in safe code.
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[packed_borrows]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/46043
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While this happens very rarely, it can be quite disruptive when a crate used by
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your project has code that will no longer be allowed. In fact, you might not
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notice until your project inexplicably stops building!
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Cargo now shows you warnings when a dependency will be rejected by a future
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version of Rust. After running `cargo build` or `cargo check`, you might see:
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```
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warning: the following packages contain code that will be rejected by a future version of Rust: old_dep v0.1.0
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note: to see what the problems were, use the option `--future-incompat-report`, or run `cargo report future-incompatibilities --id 1`
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```
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You can run the `cargo report` command mentioned in the warning to see a full
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report of the code that will be rejected. This gives you time to upgrade your
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dependency before it breaks your build.
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### Creating stripped binaries
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It's often useful to strip unnecessary information like debuginfo from binaries
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you distribute, making them smaller.
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While it has always been possible to do this manually after the binary is
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created, cargo and rustc now support stripping when the binary is linked. To
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enable this, add the following to your `Cargo.toml`:
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```toml
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[profile.release]
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strip = "debuginfo"
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```
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This causes debuginfo to be stripped from release binaries. You can also supply
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`"symbols"` or just `true` to strip all symbol information where supported.
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The standard library typically ships with debug symbols and line-level
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debuginfo, so Rust binaries built without debug symbols enabled still include
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the debug information from the standard library by default. Using the `strip`
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option allows you to remove this extra information, producing smaller Rust
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binaries.
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See [Cargo's documentation][cargo-docs] for more details.
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[cargo-docs]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/cargo/reference/profiles.html#strip
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### Incremental compilation off by default
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The 1.59.0 release disables incremental by default (unless explicitly asked for
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by via an environment variable: `RUSTC_FORCE_INCREMENTAL=1`). This mitigates a
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the effects of a known bug, [#94124], which can cause deserialization errors (and panics) during compilation
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with incremental compilation turned on.
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The specific fix for [#94124] has landed and is currently in the 1.60 beta,
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which will ship in six weeks. We are not presently aware of other issues that
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would encourage a decision to disable incremental in 1.60 stable, and if none
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arise it is likely that 1.60 stable will re-enable incremental compilation
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again. Incremental compilation remains on by default in the beta and nightly
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channels.
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As always, we encourage users to test on the nightly and beta channels and
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report issues you find: particularly for incremental bugs, this is the best way
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to ensure the Rust team can judge whether there is breakage and the number of
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users it affects.
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[#94124]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/94124
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### Stabilized APIs
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The following methods and trait implementations are now stabilized:
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- [`std::thread::available_parallelism`][available_parallelism]
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- [`Result::copied`][result-copied]
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- [`Result::cloned`][result-cloned]
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- [`arch::asm!`][asm]
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- [`arch::global_asm!`][global_asm]
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- [`ops::ControlFlow::is_break`][is_break]
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- [`ops::ControlFlow::is_continue`][is_continue]
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- [`TryFrom<char> for u8`][try_from_char_u8]
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- [`char::TryFromCharError`][try_from_char_err]
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implementing `Clone`, `Debug`, `Display`, `PartialEq`, `Copy`, `Eq`, `Error`
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- [`iter::zip`][zip]
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- [`NonZeroU8::is_power_of_two`][is_power_of_two8]
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- [`NonZeroU16::is_power_of_two`][is_power_of_two16]
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- [`NonZeroU32::is_power_of_two`][is_power_of_two32]
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- [`NonZeroU64::is_power_of_two`][is_power_of_two64]
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- [`NonZeroU128::is_power_of_two`][is_power_of_two128]
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- [`DoubleEndedIterator for ToLowercase`][lowercase]
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- [`DoubleEndedIterator for ToUppercase`][uppercase]
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- [`TryFrom<&mut [T]> for [T; N]`][tryfrom_ref_arr]
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- [`UnwindSafe for Once`][unwindsafe_once]
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- [`RefUnwindSafe for Once`][refunwindsafe_once]
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- [armv8 neon intrinsics for aarch64][stdarch/1266]
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The following previously stable functions are now `const`:
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- [`mem::MaybeUninit::as_ptr`][muninit_ptr]
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- [`mem::MaybeUninit::assume_init`][muninit_init]
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- [`mem::MaybeUninit::assume_init_ref`][muninit_init_ref]
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- [`ffi::CStr::from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked`][cstr_from_bytes]
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### Other changes
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There are other changes in the Rust 1.59.0 release. Check out what changed in
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[Rust](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/RELEASES.md#version-1590-2022-02-24),
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[Cargo](https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#cargo-159-2022-02-24),
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and [Clippy](https://github.com/rust-lang/rust-clippy/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md#rust-159).
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### Contributors to 1.59.0
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Many people came together to create Rust 1.59.0.
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We couldn't have done it without all of you.
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[Thanks!](https://thanks.rust-lang.org/rust/1.59.0/)
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[cstr_from_bytes]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ffi/struct.CStr.html#method.from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked
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[muninit_ptr]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/union.MaybeUninit.html#method.as_ptr
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[muninit_init]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/union.MaybeUninit.html#method.assume_init
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[muninit_init_ref]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/mem/union.MaybeUninit.html#method.assume_init_ref
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[unwindsafe_once]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/sync/struct.Once.html#impl-UnwindSafe
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[refunwindsafe_once]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/sync/struct.Once.html#impl-RefUnwindSafe
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[tryfrom_ref_arr]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#impl-TryFrom%3C%26%27_%20mut%20%5BT%5D%3E
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[lowercase]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/char/struct.ToLowercase.html#impl-DoubleEndedIterator
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[uppercase]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/char/struct.ToUppercase.html#impl-DoubleEndedIterator
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[try_from_char_err]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/char/struct.TryFromCharError.html
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[available_parallelism]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/thread/fn.available_parallelism.html
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[result-copied]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/result/enum.Result.html#method.copied
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[result-cloned]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/result/enum.Result.html#method.cloned
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[option-copied]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/result/enum.Option.html#method.copied
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[option-cloned]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/result/enum.Option.html#method.cloned
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[asm]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/arch/macro.asm.html
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[global_asm]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/arch/macro.global_asm.html
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[is_break]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ops/enum.ControlFlow.html#method.is_break
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[is_continue]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/ops/enum.ControlFlow.html#method.is_continue
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[try_from_char_u8]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/primitive.char.html#impl-TryFrom%3Cchar%3E
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[zip]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/std/iter/fn.zip.html
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[is_power_of_two8]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/num/struct.NonZeroU8.html#method.is_power_of_two
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[is_power_of_two16]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/num/struct.NonZeroU16.html#method.is_power_of_two
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[is_power_of_two32]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/num/struct.NonZeroU32.html#method.is_power_of_two
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[is_power_of_two64]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/num/struct.NonZeroU64.html#method.is_power_of_two
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[is_power_of_two128]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/stable/core/num/struct.NonZeroU128.html#method.is_power_of_two
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[stdarch/1266]: https://github.com/rust-lang/stdarch/pull/1266

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