Fix linux & add ci

[kamilsa]

Fix linux build:

• Remove append_range usages (not yet supported by linux compilers)
• add break under default:
• some cmake fixes

Add CI:

• Macos 15 build
• ubuntu 24 with gcc-14 build

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR fixes Linux compatibility issues and adds CI automation to the project. The main focus is replacing C++23 append_range calls with compatible insert operations and establishing build infrastructure.

• Replaces append_range with insert operations for Linux compatibility
• Adds comprehensive CI/CD workflow with GitHub Actions
• Implements cross-platform build system with Makefile and initialization scripts

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 15 out of 15 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
src/protocol/gossip/gossip.cpp	Replaces append_range calls with insert operations for Linux compatibility
src/multi/content_identifier_codec.cpp	Replaces append_range calls with insert operations for Linux compatibility
include/libp2p/transport/tcp/tcp_util.hpp	Adds missing break statement in switch case
include/libp2p/coro/channel.hpp	Refactors coroutine return statement for better compatibility
scripts/get_version.sh	Adds Git-based version string generator script
scripts/check_python.sh	Adds Python 3.12+ version check and installation script
scripts/README.md	Documents Python installation script usage and features
Makefile	Adds build automation with targets for initialization, configuration, and testing
CMakeLists.txt	Adds CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE setting
.github/workflows/build_and_test.yaml	Implements GitHub Actions CI workflow for Ubuntu and macOS
.ci/scripts/*.sh	Adds initialization scripts for dependencies and OS detection
.ci/.env	Defines package dependencies for different operating systems

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[Copilot]

[nitpick] Adding a break statement in the default case of a switch where all other cases return is unnecessary. The break statement serves no purpose here since the function will return immediately after the switch block anyway.

Suggested change

	break;
	// no-op

[kamilsa]

that was needed to fix gcc-14 build