8373944: ObjectMonitor::ExitOnSuspend can call java_lang_VirtualThread::set_onWaitingList() while in safepoint

src/hotspot/share/runtime/objectMonitor.cpp

@@ -328,13 +328,18 @@ void ObjectMonitor::set_object_strong() {
 
 void ObjectMonitor::ExitOnSuspend::operator()(JavaThread* current) {
   if (current->is_suspended()) {
+    // There could be an ongoing safepoint/handshake operation.
+    // Process them, except suspend requests, before exiting the
+    // monitor, as this may involve touching oops if the successor
+    // is a virtual thread. Before processing pending operations,
+    // set the monitor as pending again.
+    current->set_current_pending_monitor(_om);
+    SafepointMechanism::process_if_requested(current, false /*allow_suspend*/, false /*check_async_exception*/);
     _om->_recursions = 0;
     _om->clear_successor();
     // Don't need a full fence after clearing successor here because of the call to exit().
     _om->exit(current, false /* not_suspended */);
     _om_exited = true;
-
-    current->set_current_pending_monitor(_om);
   }
 }
 
@@ -1660,6 +1665,7 @@ void ObjectMonitor::exit_epilog(JavaThread* current, ObjectWaiter* Wakee) {
     Trigger = t->_ParkEvent;
     set_successor(t);
   } else {
+    assert_not_at_safepoint();
     vthread = Wakee->vthread();
     assert(vthread != nullptr, "");
     Trigger = ObjectMonitor::vthread_unparker_ParkEvent();

test/hotspot/jtreg/serviceability/jvmti/vthread/SuspendResume3/SuspendResume3.java

@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @test
+ * @bug 8373944
+ * @summary Suspend thread while it's trying to acquire a monitor when unmounted vthreads are in the queue
+ * @requires vm.continuations
+ * @requires vm.jvmti
+ * @library /test/lib /test/hotspot/jtreg/testlibrary
+ * @run main/othervm/native SuspendResume3
+ */
+
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
+import java.util.concurrent.Phaser;
+
+import jvmti.JVMTIUtils;
+
+public class SuspendResume3 {
+    int iterations;
+    int dummyCounter;
+    Object lock = new Object();
+    Phaser allSync = new Phaser(3);
+
+    SuspendResume3 (int iterations) {
+        this.iterations = iterations;
+    }
+
+    void worker1(Phaser sync1, Phaser sync2) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+            synchronized (lock) {
+                sync1.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+                sync2.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+            }
+            allSync.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+        }
+    };
+
+    void worker2(Phaser sync1, Phaser sync2) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+            sync1.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+            synchronized (lock) {
+                sync2.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+            }
+            allSync.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+        }
+    };
+
+    void vthreadWorker(CountDownLatch started) {
+        started.countDown();
+        synchronized (lock) {
+            dummyCounter++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void runTest() throws Exception {
+        final Phaser w1Sync1 = new Phaser(2);
+        final Phaser w1Sync2 = new Phaser(2);
+        Thread worker1 = Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> worker1(w1Sync1, w1Sync2));
+
+        final Phaser w2Sync1 = new Phaser(2);
+        final Phaser w2Sync2 = new Phaser(2);
+        Thread worker2 = Thread.ofPlatform().start(() -> worker2(w2Sync1, w2Sync2));
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < iterations; i++) {
+            // Wait until worker1 acquires monitor
+            w1Sync1.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+            // Let worker2 block on monitor
+            w2Sync1.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+            await(worker2, Thread.State.BLOCKED);
+
+            // Suspend worker2
+            JVMTIUtils.suspendThread(worker2);
+
+            // Add umounted vthread to _entry_list
+            var started = new CountDownLatch(1);
+            Thread vthread = Thread.ofVirtual().start(() -> vthreadWorker(started));
+            started.await();
+            await(vthread, Thread.State.BLOCKED);
+
+            // Now let worker1 release the monitor picking worker2
+            // as successor. Since worker2 is suspended, it will wake
+            // up, acquire the monitor and release it, unparking the
+            // unmounted thread as next successor.
+            w1Sync2.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+
+            // Force safepoint
+            System.gc();
+
+            // Let vthread terminate
+            vthread.join();
+
+            // Resume worker2
+            JVMTIUtils.resumeThread(worker2);
+            w2Sync2.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+
+            if ((i % 10) == 0) {
+                System.out.println(Instant.now() + " => " + i + " of " + iterations);
+            }
+            allSync.arriveAndAwaitAdvance();
+        }
+
+        worker1.join();
+        worker2.join();
+    }
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
+        int iterations = (args.length > 0) ? Integer.parseInt(args[0]) : 100;
+
+        SuspendResume3 obj = new SuspendResume3(iterations);
+        obj.runTest();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Waits for the given thread to reach a given state.
+     */
+    private void await(Thread thread, Thread.State expectedState) throws InterruptedException {
+        Thread.State state = thread.getState();
+        while (state != expectedState) {
+            assertTrue(state != Thread.State.TERMINATED, "Thread has terminated");
+            Thread.sleep(10);
+            state = thread.getState();
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void assertTrue(boolean condition, String msg) {
+        if (!condition) {
+            throw new RuntimeException(msg);
+        }
+    }
+}