fs: fix fs.promises.mkdir to also report ENOSPC correctly

[jackyzha0]

Continuation of #42811 which fixes #42808 for the async case

Happy to try to write a test but left as is for now seeing as the previous PR also didn't: #42811 (review)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 89.16%. Comparing base (316ac8c) to head (008577c).
Report is 78 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #56918      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.18%   89.16%   -0.03%     
==========================================
  Files         665      665              
  Lines      192543   192574      +31     
  Branches    37045    37085      +40     
==========================================
- Hits       171726   171702      -24     
- Misses      13636    13658      +22     
- Partials     7181     7214      +33     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/node_file.cc	77.19% <ø> (-0.05%)	⬇️

... and 39 files with indirect coverage changes

[lpinca]

RSLGTM

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/65047/

[jackyzha0]

looks like two test failures for the test runner itself, i think its unrelated to the changeset, are those two known to flake?

[jackyzha0]

@addaleax @lpinca sorry for the tag but let me know if theres anything else I need to do here on my end, I can't seem to be able to re-run CI on my own

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/65159/