multipython 🐳^🐍🐍

Multi-version Python Docker image for research and testing with tox.

Features

makukha/multipython:latest — prerelease and supported Python distributions
makukha/multipython:cpython — latest bugfix CPython image
makukha/multipython:supported — supported versions, not including prerelease
makukha/multipython:unsafe — all versions, including end-of-life
makukha/multipython:{py314...} — single version images
All images except base have system Python in virtual environment
All images include pip, pyenv, setuptools, tox, uv, virtualenv
Tox and virtualenv understand multipython tag names, even non-standard py313t
Build your own environment from single version images
Based on debian:stable-slim
Single platform linux/amd64

Basic usage

# tox.ini
[tox]
env_list = py{27,35,36,37,38,39,310,311,312,313,314,313t,314t}
skip_missing_interpreters = false
[testenv]
command = {env_python} --version

docker run --rm -v .:/src -w /src makukha/multipython:unsafe tox run

Single version images can be used on their own:

$ docker run --rm -v .:/src -w /src makukha/multipython:py310 tox run

Python versions

Distribution	Note	Tag	Command	Source
CPython 3.14.0a5	free threaded	`py314t`	`python3.14t`	pyenv
CPython 3.13.2	free threaded	`py313t`	`python3.13t`	pyenv
CPython 3.14.0a5		`py314`	`python3.14`	pyenv
CPython 3.13.2	system ⚙️	`py313`	`python3.13`	pyenv
CPython 3.12.9		`py312`	`python3.12`	pyenv
CPython 3.11.11		`py311`	`python3.11`	pyenv
CPython 3.10.16		`py310`	`python3.10`	pyenv
CPython 3.9.21		`py39`	`python3.9`	pyenv
CPython 3.8.20	EOL	`py38`	`python3.8`	pyenv
CPython 3.7.17	EOL	`py37`	`python3.7`	pyenv
CPython 3.6.15	EOL	`py36`	`python3.6`	pyenv
CPython 3.5.10	EOL	`py35`	`python3.5`	pyenv
CPython 2.7.18	EOL	`py27`	`python2.7`	pyenv

makukha/multipython — py3{9,10,11,12,13,14}, py3{13,14}t
makukha/multipython:cpython — py313
makukha/multipython:supported — py3{9,10,11,12,13}, py313t
makukha/multipython:unsafe — all tags above

Commands

All commands are on PATH as symlinks to respective distributions. System ⚙️ Python, that is always the latest bugfix version, is available as python in virtual environment along with pip, tox, and virtualenv.

Distribution sources

The only used source used is pyenv. However, it is planned to use python-build-standalone distributions for supported Python versions to speed up tests and image builds.

Versions

Check Versions section for pyenv, tox, uv, pip, setuptools versions.
See Status of Python versions for the list of end-of-life versions.

Tox and virtualenv

All single version tags above, including py313t and py314t, can be used as tox environment names (see example above) or as virtualenv python requests:

$ virtualenv --python py314t /tmp/venv

This is possible because two custom plugins are pre-installed in system environment (tox-multipython is installed only for tox 3). When building custom image, they are automatically added by py install. Both plugins are part of this project, and use multipython image for self testing.

virtualenv-multipython — discovery plugin for virtualenv and tox 4
tox-multipython — discovery plugin for tox 3

Advanced usage

Build your own environment

Combine single version images to use a subset of Python distributions.

# Dockerfile
FROM makukha/multipython:base
COPY --from=makukha/multipython:py27 /root/.pyenv/versions /root/.pyenv/versions/
COPY --from=makukha/multipython:py35 /root/.pyenv/versions /root/.pyenv/versions/
COPY --from=makukha/multipython:py312 /root/.pyenv/versions /root/.pyenv/versions/
COPY --from=makukha/multipython:py313t /root/.pyenv/versions /root/.pyenv/versions/
RUN py install

CLI helper utility `py`

All makukha/multipython images come with helper utility

$ docker run --rm makukha/multipython py --version
multipython 252D

$ py ls -l
3.14.0a5t
3.13.2t
3.14.0a5
3.13.2
3.12.9
3.11.11
3.10.16
3.9.21
3.8.20
3.7.17
3.6.15
3.5.10
2.7.18

$ py ls -s
3.14t
3.13t
3.14
3.13
3.12
3.11
3.10
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.5
2.7

$ py ls -t
py314t
py313t
py314
py313
py312
py311
py310
py39
py38
py37
py36
py35
py27

$ py --help
usage: py bin {--cmd|--dir|--path} [TAG]
       py info [--cached]
       py install [--sys TAG] [--no-update-info]
       py ls {--tag|--short|--long|--all}
       py root
       py sys
       py tag <PYTHON>
       py uninstall [--no-update-info]
       py --version
       py --help

commands:
  bin        Show Python executable command or path
  info       Extended details in JSON format
  install    Install system environment, commands, seed packages
  ls         List all distributions
  root       Show multipython root path
  sys        Show system python tag
  tag        Determine tag of executable
  uninstall  Uninstall system environment

binary info formats:
  -c --cmd   Command name, expected to be on PATH
  -d --dir   Path to distribution bin directory
  -p --path  Path to distribution binary

version formats:
  -t --tag    Python tag, e.g. py39, pp19
  -s --short  Short version without prefix, e.g. 3.9
  -l --long   Full version without prefix, e.g. 3.9.12
  -a --all    Lines 'tag short long', e.g. 'py39 3.9 3.9.3'

other options:
  -c --cached       Show cached results
  --no-update-info  Don't update local info.json (works faster)
  --sys             Preferred system executable
  --version         Show multipython distribution version
  --help            Show this help and exit

JSON metadata

Every release has versions metadata in JSON format:

inside release image as file
inside custom images built from single versions
in GitHub repository
image CLI py info -c

Release image

Every image has JSON metadata file /root/.multipython/info.json

Custom image

After running py install in custom image Dockerfile, /root/.multipython/info.json is updated automatically.

GitHub repository

base – tests/share/info/base.json@v252D
cpython – tests/share/info/cpython.json@v252D
latest – tests/share/info/latest.json@v252D
supported – tests/share/info/supported.json@v252D
unsafe – tests/share/info/unsafe.json@v252D
(same for single version tags)

Image CLI `py info`

docker run --rm makukha/multipython:latest py info -c

{
  "multipython": {
    "version": "252D",
    "subset": "latest",
    "root": "/root/.multipython"
  },
  "pyenv": {
    "version": "2.5.3",
    "root": "/root/.pyenv",
    "python_versions": "/root/.pyenv/versions"
  },
  "tox": {
    "version": "4.24.1"
  },
  "uv": {
    "version": "0.5.31",
    "python_versions": "/root/.local/share/uv/python"
  },
  "virtualenv": {
    "version": "20.29.2",
    "config": "/root/.config/virtualenv/virtualenv.ini"
  },
  "system": {
    "tag": "py313",
    "root": "/root/.multipython/sys",
    "command": "python",
    "bin_dir": "/root/.multipython/sys/bin",
    "binary_path": "/root/.multipython/sys/bin/python",
    "packages": {
      "cachetools": "5.5.1",
      "chardet": "5.2.0",
      "colorama": "0.4.6",
      "distlib": "0.3.9",
      "filelock": "3.17.0",
      "packaging": "24.2",
      "pip": "25.0.1",
      "platformdirs": "4.3.6",
      "pluggy": "1.5.0",
      "pyproject-api": "1.9.0",
      "setuptools": "75.8.0",
      "tox": "4.24.1",
      "tox-multipython": "0.4.0",
      "virtualenv": "20.29.2",
      "virtualenv-multipython": "0.5.1",
      "wheel": "0.45.1"
    }
  },
  "base_image": {
    "name": "debian",
    "channel": "stable-slim",
    "digest": "sha256:5724d31208341cef9af6ae2be86be9cda6a87271f362a03481a522c9c19d401b"
  },
  "python": [
    {
      "version": "3.14.0a5t",
      "source": "pyenv",
      "tag": "py314t",
      "short": "3.14t",
      "command": "python3.14t",
      "bin_dir": "/root/.pyenv/versions/3.14.0a5t/bin",
      "binary_path": "/root/.pyenv/versions/3.14.0a5t/bin/python",
      "is_system": false,
      "packages": {
        "pip": "25.0.1",
        "setuptools": "75.8.0",
        "wheel": "0.45.1"
      }
    },
...

Versions

Tools available in base image have (no surprise) the same versions in all other images. For Python package versions, system environment is used.

✨ latest versions will be updated in upcoming releases.

Base image

Image tag	pyenv	uv
`base`	2.5.3 ✨	0.5.31 ✨
other images	2.5.3 ✨	0.5.31 ✨

Derived images

Image tag	pip	setuptools	tox	virtualenv	wheel
`cpython`	25.0.1 ✨	75.8.0 ✨	4.24.1 ✨	20.29.2 ✨	0.45.1 ✨
`latest`	25.0.1 ✨	75.8.0 ✨	4.24.1 ✨	20.29.2 ✨	0.45.1 ✨
`supported`	25.0.1 ✨	75.8.0 ✨	4.24.1 ✨	20.29.2 ✨	0.45.1 ✨
`unsafe`	25.0.1 ✨	75.8.0 ✨	4.5.1.1	20.21.1	0.45.1 ✨

Single version images

Image tag	pip	setuptools	tox	virtualenv	wheel
`py314t`	25.0.1 ✨	75.8.0 ✨	4.24.1 ✨	20.29.2 ✨	0.45.1 ✨
`py313t`	25.0.1 ✨	75.8.0 ✨	4.24.1 ✨	20.29.2 ✨	0.45.1 ✨
`py314`	25.0.1 ✨	75.8.0 ✨	4.24.1 ✨	20.29.2 ✨	0.45.1 ✨
`py313`	25.0.1 ✨	75.8.0 ✨	4.24.1 ✨	20.29.2 ✨	0.45.1 ✨
`py312`	25.0.1 ✨	75.8.0 ✨	4.24.1 ✨	20.29.2 ✨	0.45.1 ✨
`py311`	25.0.1 ✨	75.8.0 ✨	4.24.1 ✨	20.29.2 ✨	0.45.1 ✨
`py310`	25.0.1 ✨	75.8.0 ✨	4.24.1 ✨	20.29.2 ✨	0.45.1 ✨
`py39`	25.0.1 ✨	75.8.0 ✨	4.24.1 ✨	20.29.2 ✨	0.45.1 ✨
`py38`	25.0.1 ✨	75.3.0	4.24.1 ✨	20.29.2 ✨	0.45.1 ✨
`py37`	24.0	68.0.0	4.8.0	20.26.6	0.42.0
`py36`	21.3.1	59.6.0	3.28.0	20.17.1	0.37.1
`py35`	20.3.4	50.3.2	3.28.0	20.15.1	0.37.1
`py27`	20.3.4	44.1.1	3.28.0	20.15.1	0.37.1

Tox version

The minimal tox version v4.5.1.1 is dictated by virtualenv support of Python versions. Virtualenv v20.22 dropped support for Python 3.6, v20.27 dropped support of Python 3.7. Depending on minimal Python version used in custom environment, tox version will be automatically selected by py install.

Min Python version	virtualenv	tox
`<3.7`	`<20.22`	`<4.6`
`<3.8`	`<20.27`	`>=4.6`
`>=3.8`	`>=20.27`	`>=4.6`

Project versioning

Starting from Jan 2025, multipython uses CalVer convention with Date62 based dates.

Release version format is YYMD[.patch]

YY is 25,26,...
M is Base16 month (1 = Jan, A,B,C = Oct, Nov, Dec)
D is Base62 day of month (from 1 to V = 31)
.patch is optional numerical suffix allowing multiple releases per day

Testing

All non-single-version targets and py helper tool are tested (see /tests directory for details).
Source files are linted with Hadolint and ShellCheck.

Security

Check vulnerability reports provided by Docker Scout
Use specific image digest
Report security vulnerabilities via GitHub Security Advisories

Security vulnerabilities can come from

Base Debian image debian:stable-slim
Python distributions, especially reached end-of-life
multipython itself

Image digests

$ docker run --rm -v .:/src -w /src makukha/multipython@sha256:... tox run

Image tag	Image digest
`base-252D`	`sha256:091de4a2c046d9e17d972c90d709aa0ac9b3531dfc5f66c42293382774a0246f`
`cpython-252D`	`sha256:a67dbfe1fad182a83e0cf91bb882961624929b96f44abf9b7fc8c70c7e0031b1`
`py27-252D`	`sha256:957492d593cafa6d80c4f5b653cf5521cb46d61a989c73ea6e0af8f35614b4d8`
`py310-252D`	`sha256:a578c54fe5135c101f150d398844b76f507286129bf253689c0417a5980befc1`
`py311-252D`	`sha256:250b284d775b9d21d89372e6b045167216843f7a1afb758c5db2949bf3468ab0`
`py312-252D`	`sha256:44d73f34d31d30ec13a01c30e5e0e0f8f2d37322fa26794ca6d65667606afdf3`
`py313-252D`	`sha256:ad9b9759cb9bc36649a77aaa2f64ab9c7b0b8a97b74ae2c2d2735cb74d7c204c`
`py313t-252D`	`sha256:b2f433a85086e60df89630426ba113bcc98d9fac6d90bdd9c29f989d94543fd7`
`py314-252D`	`sha256:81fff7432462e15c9dcd55381fe6a8baa68c02e07aa168ef06fbaac417069f97`
`py314t-252D`	`sha256:c334ae77b51710008e150f043d2c6e8b021e4f1733fcbcaba141523c8487bf22`
`py35-252D`	`sha256:96ab4482164badc273752caae3a402d9663a34639f7d98d14f7ae475181519e2`
`py36-252D`	`sha256:e3bbbfedf59f80f74a2d7ef55f9753e3c65fc0f5cef1deae508ef2cb12569ed7`
`py37-252D`	`sha256:811c5b9e2dc1904334af3e04c0934a61b094cf60210ad91bc7f62d49e4d54ede`
`py38-252D`	`sha256:853aa94521454d6c9cfd2fee22b8dba952cb765772b180fe30527b992509c9d0`
`py39-252D`	`sha256:2bb16898c0c2816fe1787ea06945219069e4279b2c8ff3c5a252ee0e29193024`
`supported-252D`	`sha256:a3a30be836c1c2f74502f6ce1b077a8f393bc3a13994199184c84734f4ea320e`
`unsafe-252D`	`sha256:b5643aaa4abdbbc814a470def110b454b035b119a4f8ccd21ad5f9ae425d1453`

Alternatives

GitHub Action setup-python
- Supports all patch versions but does not support Python 2.7 and does not support free threaded 3.13 at the moment.
divio/multi-python
- Apt CPython 3.7 to 3.12 from deadsnakes PPA.
dhermes/python-multi
- pyenv CPython 3.8 to 3.12, PyPy 3.10.
vicamo/pyenv
- Lacks recent versions

Feedback and contributing

To file bug report or feature request, please create an issue.
To report security vulnerability, please use GitHub Security Advisories.
Want to contribute? Check Contribution Guidelines.

Changelog

Check repository CHANGELOG.md

Name		Name	Last commit message	Last commit date
Latest commit History 48 Commits
.github		.github
NEWS.d		NEWS.d
bin		bin
docs/part		docs/part
tests		tests
.bumpversion.toml		.bumpversion.toml
.gitignore		.gitignore
.ruff.toml		.ruff.toml
CHANGELOG.md		CHANGELOG.md
DOCKERHUB.md		DOCKERHUB.md
Dockerfile		Dockerfile
Justfile		Justfile
LICENSE		LICENSE
README.md		README.md
docker-bake.hcl		docker-bake.hcl
docsubfile.py		docsubfile.py
towncrier.toml		towncrier.toml

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multipython 🐳^🐍🐍

Features

Basic usage

Python versions

Commands

Distribution sources

Versions

Tox and virtualenv

Advanced usage

Build your own environment

CLI helper utility `py`

JSON metadata

Release image

Custom image

GitHub repository

Image CLI `py info`

Versions

Base image

Derived images

Single version images

Tox version

Project versioning

Testing

Security

Image digests

Alternatives

Feedback and contributing

Changelog

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multipython 🐳🐍🐍

Features

Basic usage

Python versions

Commands

Distribution sources

Versions

Tox and virtualenv

Advanced usage

Build your own environment

CLI helper utility py

JSON metadata

Release image

Custom image

GitHub repository

Image CLI py info

Versions

Base image

Derived images

Single version images

Tox version

Project versioning

Testing

Security

Image digests

Alternatives

Feedback and contributing

Changelog

About

Topics

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License

Contributing

Security policy

Uh oh!

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multipython 🐳^🐍🐍

CLI helper utility `py`

Image CLI `py info`

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