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# Making Your First Game in Java

Source code for a video game project tutorial on the **Learn Code By Gaming** YouTube channel.

Watch it here: COMING SOON


# Project Ideas

## ![Green Circle](images/green-circle.png) Beginner

- Change the colors that are being used.
- Change the image files that are being used.
- Change how many points you get per coin.
- Make instance or class variables to control hardcoded values like the ones just mentioned.
- Use WASD instead of arrows for movement.
- Change the dimensions of the game board.
- Make a new coin appear whenever the player picks one up.
- Change the tile size.
- Remember to update your image files, or scale the images.

## ![Blue Square](images/blue-square.png) Intermediate

- Make coins disappear after some time.
- By ticks, or using a separate timer, or after the player has moved so many squares.
- Make more coins appear at random intervals.
- Replace the checkered background with an image.
- Player and Coin share a lot of commonalities. Create a parent class that both of these classes extend from to reduce code duplication.
- Make a special coin that looks different and is worth more points.
- End or restart the game when all coins are collected, or when a certain score is reached.
- Decide what winning means, then redraw the whole canvas with a celebration graphic when you win the game.
- Add a game clock.
- Could count up or down.
- Could replace the score or be in addition to the score.
- Display it like the score.
- Keep track of high scores.
- In a single play session.
- Or across all sessions by reading/writing to a file.
- Allow the player to wrap around the edges of the board.

## ![Black Diamond](images/black-diamond.png) Advanced

- Add obstacles to block player movement.
- Add an object type that reduces your score when touched. Or maybe it ends the game.
- Make an object type that moves around on its own. Could be like the ghosts from pacman.
- Add sounds.
- When a player moves, or picks up coins.
- A constant sound track.
- A sound that plays when you first open the game.
- Implement delta movements to only allow players to move one tile per tick.
- Can play around with the tick rate when developing this.
- React to both pressed and released.
- Can enable diagonal movements.
- Fixes the issue caused by holding down a key, and makes for a more responsive experience.
- Make the total game area larger than the portion of that grid we see in the game window.
- So maybe the viewport moves as the player approaches an edge.
- Or maybe the player stays in the middle and the whole viewport moves with the player whenever the player moves.
- Think about other keyboard keys that might perform some other action.
- Can be as simple as changing some colors in the game.
- Or maybe you've got health potions to restore player health.
- Add more scoreboard/HUD elements.
- Maybe move this off of the game board itself, to some designated area on the canvas. I recommend still using just the single JPanel if you want to do this.
- Eliminate the grid concept altogether and use pixel positions instead.

## ![Double Black Diamond](images/double-black-diamond.png) Expert

To dive even deeper into developing your Java 2D game, I recommend checking out this series of tutorials for guidance and inspiration: https://zetcode.com/javagames/
```java
// MainActivity.java
package com.example.aretzir;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.LinearLayout;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private EditText usernameInput;
private Button loginButton;
private LinearLayout loginForm;
private LinearLayout gameOptions;
private Button playRandomButton;
private Button playWithFriendButton;
private LinearLayout friendInput;
private EditText friendUsernameInput;
private Button startGameWithFriendButton;

private String currentUser;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

// Initialize views
usernameInput = findViewById(R.id.username_input);
loginButton = findViewById(R.id.login_button);
loginForm = findViewById(R.id.login_form);
gameOptions = findViewById(R.id.game_options);
playRandomButton = findViewById(R.id.play_random_button);
playWithFriendButton = findViewById(R.id.play_with_friend_button);
friendInput = findViewById(R.id.friend_input);
friendUsernameInput = findViewById(R.id.friend_username_input);
startGameWithFriendButton = findViewById(R.id.start_game_with_friend_button);

// Set click listeners
loginButton.setOnClickListener(v -> login());
playRandomButton.setOnClickListener(v -> playRandom());
playWithFriendButton.setOnClickListener(v -> showFriendInput());
startGameWithFriendButton.setOnClickListener(v -> playWithFriend());
}

private void login() {
String username = usernameInput.getText().toString().trim();
if (!username.isEmpty()) {
currentUser = username;
loginForm.setVisibility(View.GONE);
gameOptions.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "נא להזין שם משתמש", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}

private void playRandom() {
Toast.makeText(this, "מחפש שחקן אקראי...", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
startGame(currentUser, "שחקן אקראי");
}

private void showFriendInput() {
friendInput.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}

private void playWithFriend() {
String friendUsername = friendUsernameInput.getText().toString().trim();
if (!friendUsername.isEmpty()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "מתחבר למשחק עם " + friendUsername, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
startGame(currentUser, friendUsername);
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "נא להזין את שם המשתמש של החבר", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}

private void startGame(String player1, String player2) {
Intent intent = new Intent(this, GameActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("players", new String[]{player1, player2});
startActivity(intent);
}
}

// GameActivity.java
package com.example.aretzir;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;

public class GameActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private TextView letterDisplay;
private TextView playerNameDisplay;
private EditText countryInput, cityInput, animalInput, plantInput, objectInput;
private EditText girlNameInput, boyNameInput, professionInput;
private Button submitButton;
private Button newRoundButton;

private List<Player> players;
private int currentPlayerIndex = 0;
private String currentLetter;
private static final String HEBREW_LETTERS = "אבגדהוזחטיכלמנסעפצקרשת";
private GameRound currentRound;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_game);

// Initialize views
letterDisplay = findViewById(R.id.letter_display);
playerNameDisplay = findViewById(R.id.player_name_display);
countryInput = findViewById(R.id.country_input);
cityInput = findViewById(R.id.city_input);
animalInput = findViewById(R.id.animal_input);
plantInput = findViewById(R.id.plant_input);
objectInput = findViewById(R.id.object_input);
girlNameInput = findViewById(R.id.girl_name_input);
boyNameInput = findViewById(R.id.boy_name_input);
professionInput = findViewById(R.id.profession_input);
submitButton = findViewById(R.id.submit_button);
newRoundButton = findViewById(R.id.new_round_button);

// Initialize players
String[] playerNames = getIntent().getStringArrayExtra("players");
players = new ArrayList<>();
for (String name : playerNames) {
players.add(new Player(name));
}

submitButton.setOnClickListener(v -> submitAnswers());
newRoundButton.setOnClickListener(v -> startNewRound());

startNewRound();
}

private void startNewRound() {
chooseLetter();
resetInputs();
updatePlayerDisplay();
submitButton.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
newRoundButton.setVisibility(View.GONE);
currentRound = new GameRound(currentLetter, players);
}

private void chooseLetter() {
Random random = new Random();
currentLetter = String.valueOf(HEBREW_LETTERS.charAt(random.nextInt(HEBREW_LETTERS.length())));
letterDisplay.setText(currentLetter);
}

private void resetInputs() {
countryInput.setText("");
cityInput.setText("");
animalInput.setText("");
plantInput.setText("");
objectInput.setText("");
girlNameInput.setText("");
boyNameInput.setText("");
professionInput.setText("");
}

private void updatePlayerDisplay() {
playerNameDisplay.setText("תור של: " + players.get(currentPlayerIndex).getName());
}

private void submitAnswers() {
Player currentPlayer = players.get(currentPlayerIndex);
currentRound.addAnswers(currentPlayer,
countryInput.getText().toString(),
cityInput.getText().toString(),
animalInput.getText().toString(),
plantInput.getText().toString(),
objectInput.getText().toString(),
girlNameInput.getText().toString(),
boyNameInput.getText().toString(),
professionInput.getText().toString()
);

currentPlayerIndex++;

if (currentPlayerIndex >= players.size()) {
// Round finished
currentRound.calculateScores();
showResults();
} else {
updatePlayerDisplay();
resetInputs();
}
}

private void showResults() {
Intent intent = new Intent(this, ResultsActivity.class);
intent.putExtra("round", currentRound);
startActivity(intent);
}
}

// ResultsActivity.java
package com.example.aretzir;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class ResultsActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

private TextView resultsTextView;
private Button nextRoundButton;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_results);

resultsTextView = findViewById(R.id.results_text_view);
nextRoundButton = findViewById(R.id.next_round_button);

GameRound round = (GameRound) getIntent().getSerializableExtra("round");
displayResults(round);

nextRoundButton.setOnClickListener(v -> finish());
}

private void displayResults(GameRound round) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append("תוצאות הסיבוב:\n\n");

for (Player player : round.getPlayers()) {
sb.append(player.getName()).append(": ").append(player.getScore()).append(" נקודות\n");
}

resultsTextView.setText(sb.toString());
}
}

// Player.java
package com.example.aretzir;

import java.io.Serializable;

public class Player implements Serializable {
private String name;
private int score;

public Player(String name) {
this.name = name;
this.score = 0;
}

public String getName() {
return name;
}

public int getScore() {
return score;
}

public void addScore(int points) {
score += points;
}
}

// GameRound.java
package com.example.aretzir;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public class GameRound implements Serializable {
private String letter;
private List<Player> players;
private Map<Player, Map<String, String>> answers;

public GameRound(String letter, List<Player> players) {
this.letter = letter;
this.players = players;
this.answers = new HashMap<>();
}

public void addAnswers(Player player, String country, String city, String animal, String plant,
String object, String girlName, String boyName, String profession) {
Map<String, String> playerAnswers = new HashMap<>();
playerAnswers.put("country", country);
playerAnswers.put("city", city);
playerAnswers.put("animal", animal);
playerAnswers.put("plant", plant);
playerAnswers.put("object", object);
playerAnswers.put("girlName", girlName);
playerAnswers.put("boyName", boyName);
playerAnswers.put("profession", profession);
answers.put(player, playerAnswers);
}

public void calculateScores() {
for (String category : answers.get(players.get(0)).keySet()) {
Map<String, Integer> answerCounts = new HashMap<>();
for (Player player : players) {
String answer = answers.get(player).get(category).toLowerCase();
if (answer.startsWith(letter.toLowerCase())) {
answerCounts.put(answer, answerCounts.getOrDefault(answer, 0) + 1);
}
}

for (Player player : players) {
String answer = answers.get(player).get(category).toLowerCase();
if (answer.startsWith(letter.toLowerCase())) {
if (answerCounts.get(answer) == 1) {
player.addScore(15);