Dimitrakopoulos2010 PR

01_DataRescue/Dimitrakopoulos2010/Dimitrakopoulos2010.bib

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+@article{Dimitrakopoulos2010,
+author = {Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos},
+title = {Influence of evenness on the litter-species richness–decomposition relationship in Mediterranean grasslands},
+journal = {Journal of Plant Ecology},
+year = {2010},
+volume = {3},
+number = {2},
+pages = {71--78},
+month = {June},
+url = {https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtq009}}

01_DataRescue/Dimitrakopoulos2010/Dimitrakopoulos2010_Figure1.csv

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+"Figure 1: decomposition rate plotted against species richness in the litterbags with varying levels of evenness. All results are means of original data ± SE. SE, standard error.",,,,,
+x value,evenness,y value,y value SE,y value unit,x value unit
+1,Maximum,56.7,58.4,Litter mixture mass loss (%),Species richness
+3,Maximum,62.3,64.0,Litter mixture mass loss (%),Species richness
+3,Intermediate,61.7,63.2,Litter mixture mass loss (%),Species richness
+3,Low,60.5,62.0,Litter mixture mass loss (%),Species richness
+6,Maximum,70.1,72.1,Litter mixture mass loss (%),Species richness
+6,Intermediate,70.3,71.1,Litter mixture mass loss (%),Species richness
+6,Low,63.1,64.0,Litter mixture mass loss (%),Species richness

01_DataRescue/Dimitrakopoulos2010/Dimitrakopoulos2010_Methods.bib

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+@article{Dimitrakopoulos2005,
+  title={Short-term invasibility patterns in burnt and unburnt experimental {Mediterranean} grassland communities of varying diversities},
+  author={Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G. and Galanidis, Alexandros and Siamantziouras, Akis-Stavros D. and Troumbis, Andreas Y.},
+  journal={Oecologia},
+  volume={143},
+  number={3},
+  pages={428--437},
+  year={2005},
+  publisher={Springer}}
+
+@article{Dimitrakopoulos2006,
+  title={The interactive effects of fire and diversity on short-term responses of ecosystem processes in experimental {Mediterranean} grasslands},
+  author={Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G. and Siamantziouras, Akis-Stavros D. and Galanidis, Alexandros and Mprezetou, Irene and Troumbis, Andreas Y.},
+  journal={Environmental Management},
+  volume={37},
+  number={6},
+  pages={826--839},
+  year={2006},
+  publisher={Springer}}
+
+@inbook{Schmid2002,
+author = {Schmid, B. and Hector, A. and Huston, M.A. and Loreau, M. and Naeem, S. and Inchausti, P.},
+book = {The design and analysis of biodiversity experiments},
+booktitle = {Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Synthesis and Perspectives},
+year = {2002},
+publisher = {Oxford University Press},
+pages = {61--78}
+}
+
+
+@phdthesis{Dimitrakopoulos2001,
+  title={Interactive effects of fire and diversity on ecosystem functioning in experimental {Mediterranean} grassland communities: testing the insurance hypothesis},
+  author={Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G.},
+  year={2001},
+  school={University of the Aegean},
+  address={Mytilene, Greece},
+  note={(in Greek)}}
+
+@unpublished{DimitrakopoulosUnpublished,
+author = {Dimitrakopoulos, Panayiotis G.},
+title = {LNC and LCC Data}
+}
+
+@article{Garnier2004,
+  title={Plant functional markers capture ecosystem properties during secondary succession},
+  author={Garnier, Eric and Cortez, Jacques and Bill{\`e}s, Georges and Navas, Marie-Laure and Roumet, Catherine and Debussche, Max and Laurent, G{\'e}rard and Blanchard, Alain and Aubry, David and Bellmann, Astrid and others},
+  journal={Ecology},
+  volume={85},
+  number={9},
+  pages={2630--2637},
+  year={2004},
+  publisher={Wiley Online Library}}
+
+@article{Lecerf2007,
+  title={Decomposition of diverse litter mixtures in streams},
+  author={Lecerf, Antoine and Risnoveanu, Geta and Popescu, Cristina and Gessner, Mark O. and Chauvet, Eric},
+  journal={Ecology},
+  volume={88},
+  number={1},
+  pages={219--227},
+  year={2007},
+  publisher={Wiley Online Library}}
+
+@article{Loreau1998,
+title = {Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Synthesis and Perspectives},
+author = {Loreau, Michel},
+journal = {Oikos},
+volume = {82},
+issue = {3},
+year = {1998},
+pages = {600--602}
+}
+
+@article{Moore2006,
+  title={Decay of multiple species of seagrass detritus is dominated by species identity, with an important influence of mixing litters},
+  author={Moore, Tim N. and Fairweather, Peter G.},
+  journal={Oikos},
+  volume={114},
+  number={2},
+  pages={329--337},
+  year={2006},
+  publisher={Wiley Online Library}}

01_DataRescue/Dimitrakopoulos2010/Dimitrakopoulos2010_Methods.md

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+# MATERIALS AND METHODS
+
+## Experimental design
+
+The litterbag experiment took place in a >15-year-old abandoned arable field in the island of Lesbos, Greece (39° N, 27° E, 30 m above sea level).
+The grassland supports, on average, 27 ± 1 species per square metre.
+Floristically, it is dominated by annuals; however, perennials contributed to >80% of its biomass production [@Dimitrakopoulos2005; @Dimitrakopoulos2006].
+The mean annual temperature in the field site is 17.6°C, the warmest month is July (mean 26.5°C) and the coolest month is January (mean 9.6°C).
+The average annual rainfall is 682 mm.
+The soil of the field site has a high clay content (71.4% clay, 15.9% silt and 12.7% sand) and an average pH of 7.12 [@Dimitrakopoulos2005; @Dimitrakopoulos2006].
+
+Ten grassland species abundant in communities of the study site and representative of 10 genera and 3 functional groups (i.e. grasses, legumes and non-leguminous forbs; @Dimitrakopoulos2006) were used in this experiment (Table 1).
+Species richness was directly manipulated to produce litter mixtures of three and six plant species, as well as litter of each individual species used (Table 1).
+Highest richness litter mixture was chosen taking into account the approximate number of species found in freshly produced litter samples in soil surfaces of 10 cm \times 10 cm in the grassland communities of the study area.
+To separate the effects of the particular species from those of richness, each level of species richness was replicated five times such that each repeat had a different species composition assembled randomly for the species pool (@Schmid2002; Table 1).
+Three- and six-species litter mixtures were also treated to vary in evenness.
+Three evenness treatments were used: (i) maximum evenness (all species had equal contribution; Simpson’s evenness index = 1), (ii) intermediate evenness (Simpson’s evenness index = 0.62) and (iii) low evenness (Simpson’s evenness index = 0.41).
+In intermediate and low evenness treatments, each of the individual species included in a mixture was, in turn, dominant, while the remaining species had equal concentration.
+Therefore, 7 and 13 litterbags were required for each species combination of three- and six-species litter mixtures, respectively (Table 2).
+All litter mixtures as well as single-species treatments were replicated twice.
+A total of 220 litterbags were prepared (Table 2).
+
+Leaf litter samples were collected during the summer of 2005 and then dried (80°C, 24 h), mixed and stored until further use.
+Litter samples included either freshly produced litter collected from the soil surface (e.g. herbs) or fully senesced standing dead leaves removed from each plant (e.g. graminoids).
+A litterbag of 10 cm \times 10 cm was made, using a nylon mesh with holes of 1.0 mm, and was filled with ∼2 g dried plant litter material.
+In early autumn 2005, litterbags were placed on the soil surface and incorporated into the existing litter layer, trying not to cause large-scale disturbance.
+Litterbags were randomly allocated within two blocks that covered a total area of 16 m$^2$.
+The environmental parameters (e.g. soil moisture, temperature, pH) were considered homogenous across the area in which the experiment was conducted, due to its small size.
+Litterbags were collected after 90 days and then washed, dried and weighed.
+
+## Data analysis
+
+The data were analysed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) using multiple regression approaches [@Schmid2002].
+Decomposition rate was the response variable.
+For the full data set (including litter monocultures), the following terms were fitted in sequential order: (i) block, (ii) species richness decomposed into linear contrast and deviation from linearity (i.e. the quadratic term of a second-order polynomial for species richness) and (iii) species composition (the 20 different monocultures and mixtures in Table 1) within species richness.
+ANOVAs of the same structure were also run for maximum-evenness mixtures only producing similar results (data are not presented).
+The ANOVA model for evenness treatments (only three- and six-species litter mixtures) also included a term for evenness and its interaction with species richness and species composition (see Table 3).
+The F-ratios for significance tests were calculated as indicated in Table 3 [@Schmid2002].
+Confounding effects between species identity and richness were avoided dividing mean squares of richness by those of species composition [@Schmid2002].
+To test if parameters of the initial litter mixture quality affected decomposition patterns, leaf C:N ratio was introduced as a covariate in the ANOVA.
+Leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) and leaf carbon concentration (LCC) data were used for each of the 10 species in the experiment [@Dimitrakopoulos2001; @DimitrakopoulosUnpublished] to calculate aggregate values of both traits for each initial litter mixture, based on the formula proposed by @Garnier2004:
+
+$$ \text{LNC}_{\text{agg}} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} p_i \times \text{LNC}_i \text{ and } \text{LCC}_{\text{agg}} = \sum_{i=1}^{n} p_i \times \text{LCC}_i , $$
+
+where $\rho_i$ is the relative contribution of the species *i* to the total leaf mass of litter mixture, *n* is the number of species of litter mixture, and LNC$_i$ and LCC$_i$ are the leaf nitrogen and carbon concentration, respectively, of the species *i* in the initial litter mixture.
+All analyses were performed using SPSS 16.0 software.
+
+Decomposition rate was assessed by percentage dry weight loss over the duration of the experiment.
+Expected values of mass remaining (E) for the litter mixtures were calculated based on the mass remaining of their component species in the single-species litters as follows (e.g. @Lecerf2007; @Moore2006):
+
+$$ E = \sum_{i=1}^{S} w_i \times M_i, $$
+
+where $w_i$ is the initial weight of the species *i* in mixture, M$_i$ is the residual litter mass in monoculture of the species *i*, and *S* is the total number of species in litter mixture.
+Deviation between the expected and the observed mass remaining in litter mixtures is calculated using the following formula: [(O − E)/E] \times 100% [@Loreau1998].
+Negative values indicate that mass loss in mixtures is greater than predicted from monoculture values (synergistic effects), and the opposite holds true for positive values (antagonistic effects).
+Additive effects originate from non-different to zero values.

01_DataRescue/Dimitrakopoulos2010/Dimitrakopoulos2010_Table1.csv

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+"**Table 1:** species compositions of the different litter mixtures and single-species treatments used in the experiment. Species abbreviations are As = *Avena sterilis* L. (annual grass); Hb = *Hordeum bulbosum* L.; Pc = *Phalaris coerulescens* Desf. and Fa = *Festuca arundinacea* Schreb. ssp. *arundinacea* (perennial grasses); Bb = *Bituminaria bituminosa* (L.) Stirton and Tr = *Trifolium repens* L. (perennial legumes); Hi = *Hirschfeldia incana* (L.) Lagreze-Fossat (annual non-leguminous forbs); Pl = *Plantago lanceolata* L., Bt = *Bellevalia trifoliata* (Ten) Kunth and Ms = *Malva sylvestris* L. (perennial non-leguminous forbs).",,
+Species mixture,Species richness,Species composition
+1-10,1,"Litter of each individual species: As, Hb, Pc, Fa, Bb, Tr, Hi, Pl, Bt, Ms"
+11,3,"Pc, Hb, Bb"
+12,3,"Hi, Ms, As"
+13,3,"Tr, Pl, Bt"
+14,3,"Hb, Bb, Fa"
+15,3,"Bt, Hi, Ms"
+16,6,"Pc, Hb, Bb, Fa, Tr, Pl"
+17,6,"Tr, Pl, Bt, Hi, Ms, As"
+18,6,"Bb, Fa, Tr, Pl, Bt, Hi"
+19,6,"Pc, Hb, Bb, Fa, Ms, As"
+20,6,"Pc, Hb, Bt, Hi, Ms, As"