Whenever is a Ruby gem that provides a clear syntax for writing and deploying cron jobs.

Installation

$ gem install whenever

Or with Bundler in your Gemfile.

gem 'whenever', :require => false

Getting started

$ cd /apps/my-great-project
$ wheneverize .

This will create an initial config/schedule.rb file for you.

Example schedule.rb file

every 3.hours do
  runner "MyModel.some_process"       
  rake "my:rake:task"                 
  command "/usr/bin/my_great_command"
end

every 1.day, :at => '4:30 am' do 
  runner "MyModel.task_to_run_at_four_thirty_in_the_morning"
end

every :hour do # Many shortcuts available: :hour, :day, :month, :year, :reboot
  runner "SomeModel.ladeeda"
end

every :sunday, :at => '12pm' do # Use any day of the week or :weekend, :weekday 
  runner "Task.do_something_great"
end

every '0 0 27-31 * *' do
  command "echo 'you can use raw cron syntax too'"
end

Define your own job types

Whenever ships with three pre-defined job types: command, runner, and rake. You can define your own with job_type.

For example:

job_type :awesome, '/usr/local/bin/awesome :task :fun_level'

every 2.hours do
  awesome "party", :fun_level => "extreme"
end

Would run /usr/local/bin/awesome party extreme every two hours. :task is always replaced with the first argument, and any additional :whatevers are replaced with the options passed in or by variables that have been defined with set.

The default job types that ship with Whenever are defined like so:

job_type :command, ":task :output"
job_type :rake,    "cd :path && RAILS_ENV=:environment bundle exec rake :task --silent :output"
job_type :runner,  "cd :path && script/rails runner -e :environment ':task' :output"

Pre-Rails 3 apps and apps that don't use Bundler will redefine the rake and runner jobs respectively to function correctly.

If a :path is not set it will default to the directory in which whenever was executed. :environment will default to 'production'. :output will be replaced with your output redirection settings which you can read more about here: http://github.com/javan/whenever/wiki/Output-redirection-aka-logging-your-cron-jobs

All jobs are by default run with bash -l -c 'command...'. Among other things, this allows your cron jobs to play nice with RVM by loading the entire environment instead of cron's somewhat limited environment. Read more: http://blog.scoutapp.com/articles/2010/09/07/rvm-and-cron-in-production

You can change this by setting your own :job_template.

set :job_template, "bash -l -c ':job'"

Or set the job_template to nil to have your jobs execute normally.

set :job_template, nil

Capistrano integration

Use the built-in Capistrano recipe for easy crontab updates with deploys.

In your "config/deploy.rb" file:

require "whenever/capistrano"

Take a look at the recipe for options you can set. http://github.com/javan/whenever/blob/master/lib/whenever/capistrano.rb For example, if you're using bundler do this:

set :whenever_command, "bundle exec whenever"
require "whenever/capistrano"

If you are using different environments (such as staging, production), then you may want to do this:

set :whenever_environment, defer { stage }
require "whenever/capistrano"

The capistrano variable :stage should be the one holding your environment name. This will make the correct :environment available in your schedule.rb.

If both your environments are on the same server you'll want to namespace them or they'll overwrite each other when you deploy:

set :whenever_environment, defer { stage }
set :whenever_identifier, defer { "#{application}_#{stage}" }
require "whenever/capistrano"

RVM Integration

If your production environment uses RVM (Ruby Version Manager) you will run into a gotcha that causes your cron jobs to hang. This is not directly related to Whenever, and can be tricky to debug. Your .rvmrc files must be trusted or else the cron jobs will hang waiting for the file to be trusted. A solution is to disable the prompt by adding this line to your user rvm file in ~/.rvmrc

rvm_trust_rvmrcs_flag=1

This tells rvm to trust all rvmrc files, which is documented here: http://wayneeseguin.beginrescueend.com/2010/08/22/ruby-environment-version-manager-rvm-1-0-0/

The whenever command

$ cd /apps/my-great-project
$ whenever

This will simply show you your schedule.rb file converted to cron syntax. It does not read or write your crontab file. Run whenever --help for a complete list of options.

Credit

Whenever was created for use at Inkling (http://inklingmarkets.com). Their take on it: http://blog.inklingmarkets.com/2009/02/whenever-easy-way-to-do-cron-jobs-from.html

Thanks to all the contributors who have made it even better: http://github.com/javan/whenever/contributors

Discussion / Feedback / Issues / Bugs

For general discussion and questions, please use the google group: http://groups.google.com/group/whenever-gem

If you've found a genuine bug or issue, please use the Issues section on github: http://github.com/javan/whenever/issues

Ryan Bates created a great Railscast about Whenever: http://railscasts.com/episodes/164-cron-in-ruby It's a little bit dated now, but remains a good introduction.

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Compatible with Ruby 1.8.7-1.9.2, JRuby, and Rubinius.

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Copyright © 2012 Javan Makhmali