Add rate limit to write endpoints

.env.example

@@ -4,8 +4,12 @@
 # MongoDB Atlas (production example)
 # MONGODB_URI=mongodb+srv://<username>:<password>@cluster.mongodb.net/iiitl
 
+# Upstash Redis
+# UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL=
+# UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN=
+
 # Mailgun Configuration
 MAILGUN_API_KEY=""
 MAILGUN_DOMAIN=""
 # MAILGUN_URL="https://api.eu.mailgun.net" # Uncomment if using an EU region domain 
-EMAIL_FROM="no-reply@yourdomain.com"
+EMAIL_FROM="no-reply@yourdomain.com"

lib/ratelimit.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import { Ratelimit } from '@upstash/ratelimit';
+import { Redis } from '@upstash/redis';
+
+const redisClient = (process.env.UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL && process.env.UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN)
+  ? new Redis({
+      url: process.env.UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_URL,
+      token: process.env.UPSTASH_REDIS_REST_TOKEN,
+    })
+  : null;
+
+type Unit = 'ms' | 's' | 'm' | 'h' | 'd';
+type Duration = `${number} ${Unit}` | `${number}${Unit}`;
+
+interface RateLimitConfig {
+  maxRequests: number;
+  window: Duration;
+}
+
+const ratelimitCache = new Map<string, Ratelimit>();
+
+export async function limit(key: string, config: RateLimitConfig) {
+  if (!redisClient) {
+    console.warn("Rate limiting bypassed: UPSTASH_REDIS credentials are missing.");
+    return { success: true, limit: config.maxRequests, remaining: config.maxRequests, reset: 0, retryAfter: 0 };
+  }
+
+  // Retrieve existing rate limiter from cache, or create and cache a new one for this config
+  const cacheKey = `${config.maxRequests}-${config.window}`;
+  let ratelimit = ratelimitCache.get(cacheKey);
+
+  if (!ratelimit) {
+    ratelimit = new Ratelimit({
+      redis: redisClient,
+      limiter: Ratelimit.slidingWindow(config.maxRequests, config.window),
+      analytics: true, 
+    });
+    ratelimitCache.set(cacheKey, ratelimit);
+  }
+
+  try {
+    const result = await ratelimit.limit(key);
+
+    // Calculate standard Retry-After in seconds
+    const retryAfterSeconds = Math.max(1, Math.ceil((result.reset - Date.now()) / 1000));
+
+    if (!result.success) {
+      const breachKey = `breach_count:${key}`;
+
+      const pipeline = redisClient.pipeline();
+      pipeline.incr(breachKey);
+      pipeline.expire(breachKey, 3600);
+
+      const results = await pipeline.exec();
+      const breachCount = results[0] as number;
+
+      if (breachCount === 3) {
+        console.log({
+                    severity: 'WARNING',
+                    event: 'CONSISTENT_RATE_LIMIT_BREACH',
+                    target: key,
+                    message: `Key breached rate limits ${breachCount} times within the hour.`,
+                  });
+      }
+    }
+
+    return {
+      success: result.success,
+      limit: result.limit,
+      remaining: result.remaining,
+      reset: result.reset,
+      retryAfter: retryAfterSeconds,
+    };
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.error("Rate limiting error:", error);
+    return {
+      success: true,
+      limit: config.maxRequests,
+      remaining: config.maxRequests,
+      reset: 0,
+      retryAfter: 0,
+    };
+  }
+}

lib/with-ratelimit.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+import { NextRequest, NextResponse } from "next/server";
+import { limit } from "./ratelimit";
+
+/**
+ * Wraps a Next.js API route handler to apply rate limiting.
+ *
+ * @example
+ * export const POST = withRateLimit(async (req: NextRequest) => {
+ *   // Create logic
+ *   return Response.json({ success: true });
+ * });
+ *
+ * export const PUT = withRateLimit(async (req: NextRequest) => {
+ *   // Update logic
+ *   return Response.json({ success: true });
+ * });
+ *
+ * export const DELETE = withRateLimit(async (req: NextRequest) => {
+ *   // Delete logic
+ *   return Response.json({ success: true });
+ * });
+ */
+export function withRateLimit<T extends unknown[]>(
+  handler: (req: NextRequest, ...args: T) => Promise<Response> | Response
+) {
+  return async (req: NextRequest, ...args: T) => {
+    const ip = req.headers.get("x-forwarded-for") || req.headers.get("x-real-ip") || "127.0.0.1";
+
+    const identifier = `${req.nextUrl.pathname}:${ip}`;
+
+    const { success, retryAfter } = await limit(identifier, {
+      maxRequests: 5,
+      window: "1 m",
+    });
+
+    if (!success) {
+      return NextResponse.json(
+        { error: "Too many requests. Please try again later." },
+        { status: 429, headers: { "Retry-After": retryAfter.toString() } }
+      );
+    }
+
+    return handler(req, ...args);
+  };
+}

package.json

@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
     "db:seed": "node scripts/seed.js"
   },
   "dependencies": {
+    "@upstash/ratelimit": "^2.0.8",
+    "@upstash/redis": "^1.37.0",
     "dotenv": "^17.4.1",
     "form-data": "^4.0.5",
     "mailgun.js": "^12.7.1",