fix(ci): retry apt installs in wheel smoke gate

[JerrettDavis]

Summary

• add a small retry helper around Ubuntu-container apt-get operations in the Release wheel smoke-import gate
• use --fix-missing for the package installs that can fail when the ARM Ubuntu ports mirror serves stale package indexes
• add a workflow regression test so the smoke gate keeps the retry/fix-missing hardening

Why

A Release smoke-import job on PR #2160 failed twice in the Ubuntu 22.04 ARM container while installing Python 3.12 dependencies:

E: Failed to fetch http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/pool/main/p/python-httplib2/python3-httplib2_0.20.2-2ubuntu0.1_all.deb 404 Not Found

The smoke gate should still fail for broken wheels, but transient apt mirror skew should not make unrelated PRs red.

Validation

• python -m pytest tests/test_release_workflows.py -q -> 32 passed
• uvx ruff@0.15.17 check tests/test_release_workflows.py -> All checks passed
• git diff --check

[github-actions]

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[JerrettDavis]

Closing this as superseded by #2190. I folded the Release smoke apt retry hardening into #2190 so the dependency-audit fix and smoke-gate fix can go green together instead of leaving two PRs blocked by each other's baseline failures.