[DRAFT] typing: migrate sentry.snuba.metrics.query_builder off the untyped list

[cursor]

Summary

• remove sentry.snuba.metrics.query_builder from the mypy "sentry modules with typing issues" override list in pyproject.toml
• add strict typing refinements in src/sentry/snuba/metrics/query_builder.py so it passes mypy_without_ignores
• preserve runtime behavior for metric operation params while narrowing types for static analysis

Testing

• PATH=".venv/bin:$PATH" .venv/bin/python -m tools.mypy_helpers.mypy_without_ignores src/sentry/snuba/metrics/query_builder.py
• SENTRY_SKIP_SERVICE_VALIDATION=1 .venv/bin/pytest -svv "tests/sentry/snuba/metrics/test_query_builder.py::test_only_can_groupby_operations_can_be_added_to_groupby[valid grouping by metrics expression]" "tests/sentry/snuba/metrics/test_query_builder.py::test_only_can_filter_operations_can_be_added_to_where[valid filtering by metrics expression]"
• SENTRY_SKIP_SERVICE_VALIDATION=1 .venv/bin/pytest -n3 -svv --reuse-db tests/sentry/test_mypy_stronglist.py
• .venv/bin/ruff check src/sentry/snuba/metrics/query_builder.py

Review

cc @armenzg

Legal Boilerplate

Look, I get it. The entity doing business as "Sentry" was incorporated in the State of Delaware in 2015 as Functional Software, Inc. and is gonna need some rights from me in order to utilize my contributions in this here PR. So here's the deal: I retain all rights, title and interest in and to my contributions, and by keeping this boilerplate intact I confirm that Sentry can use, modify, copy, and redistribute my contributions, under Sentry's choice of terms.