Completed precourse -Kai Hay

backend/controller/answers/kai.md

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+### What is a status code? What are the most common status codes?
+
+Http status codes are responses sent by servers in response to http requests. They tell the client the result of their request. Some of the most common examples: 200 OK, 404 Not found, 500 Internal Server Error
+
+### What is JSON? What is XML? Why do we use them?
+
+JSON is jsavascript object notation which is a data format used for its simplicity and JavaScript compatability.  XML is extensible markup language used to store and transport data in a structured format. They are both used to for data storage and transfer where JSON is easier to read and write. 
+
+### What is a http request? A http response?
+
+An http request is a message sent to a server from a client, like a browser, to carry out a method, like get, post, delete. A http response is the reply to the http request which includes a status code to indicate the result of the request.
+
+### What is middleware?
+
+Middleware are functions that can be used for handling request and response objects. It is often used with networking. An example is express, which can make changes to request and response objects or executre code, or end the request-response cycle. Middleware can do things like routing and errorhandling. 
+
+### What is a "controller layer"? Why do we need one?
+
+The controller layer handles the requests and responses and is necessary because it separates that from the other logic. Modularity helps with organization and simplicity.
+
+### What is the difference between a service and a controller?
+
+A service does something, like a calulation or query, and a controller handles the requests and calls on the services to do the thing then the controller creates/formats the response from the services' result.
+
+### What is the client/server model? What is a client?
+
+It is a model where clients request services or resources from servers which response to those requests. A client can be a computer or program which makes requests from servers.
+

backend/database/answers/kai.md

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+
+### What is a database (DB)?
+
+A database is an organized collection of data
+
+### What is a column? A row? A table? What do these represent?
+
+A column is a field, a row is a single record, A table is the set of records. ie. species is a field, name: rocket species: lab is a record, and dogs_ive_met could be the table.
+
+### What is a primary key? Why is it important?
+
+It is what uniquely identifies each row of the table. It allows quick queries, no duplicates, and relationships between tables.
+
+### What is the difference between a SQL DB, NoSQL DB, and Graph DB?
+
+SQL(structured query language) has tables with strict schema/structure, NoSQL has no structure, graph stores data like a graph data structure with nodes and edges with highly connected data. 
+
+### What is data persistence? Why is it important?
+
+Data persistence is data being saved and able to be accessed later as it was previously saved. It is important to ensure data survives things like crashes and can be accessible even if the app that created it isn't on
+
+### What is a data model?
+
+Shows how the data is stored and related
+
+### What is an ORM?
+
+Object Relational Mapper is software that translates between data representations from databases and oop.
+
+### ADVANCED
+
+### What is 3rd Normal Form (3NF)?
+
+### What are the three types of relationships in a relational database, and what’s the difference between them?
+
+One-to-one: one row links to one row in another table
+One-to-many: one row to many rows in another
+many-to-many: multiple different rows not necessarily from the same table can relate to multiple rows on one table

backend/service/answers/kai.md

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+### What is business logic vs UI logic?
+
+Business logic: how data is processed
+UI logic: how data is dplayed and interacted with
+like backend and frontend
+
+### What does MVC stand for, and why is it important?
+
+model view controller. Separates data stuff, UI stuff, and control/connecting stuff. Important so you can change one part and not effect the others
+
+### What is a service?
+
+A service is what your program does/provides. Like a calculation or logic operation which is then provided to the client.

computer-science/basics/answers/kaihay.md

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+
+### What is data?
+Information
+### What is an algorithm?
+set of instructions used to perform a task ie. calculation
+### What is a function?
+
+callable block of code that does something or could do nothing too if you wrote one that does nothing
+
+### What is function scope? What is a block scope? What is global scope?
+
+function scope: something accessible only within the function it was made in
+
+block scope: something accessible only within the block of code it was made in. like in an if statement
+
+global scope: something accessible in the whole program
+
+### What is a variable?
+
+A variable is a named place to store data for the program.
+
+### What is a data type?
+
+A data type is a way to classify data. What kind of data a variable has, integer string...
+
+### What is a data structure? What are some examples?
+
+It is a way to organize data. Ex: array [1,2], Object {name:"kai", species:"human"}
+
+### What is a web server?
+
+
+### What is an operator?
+
+A symbol that performs a math operation, ex: +, -, /
+
+### What is a character? A string?
+
+A character is a data type that is a single symbol. A string is a sequence of characters
+
+### What is state? Why is it important?
+
+The data in the program at a given time. It determines how the program will behave at that time.
+
+### What is an interface?
+
+Where systems or users interact or communicate. like a website is an iterface for a user.
+### What is an API?
+Application programming interface where programs can interact. like a example.com/api/dog
+
+### ADVANCED
+
+### What are calculations (e.g. “pure functions”)?
+
+Pure functions are functions that always return the same value for the same inputs and has no side effects. 
+
+### What are actions (e.g. “side-effectful functions”)?
+
+Actions are operations that change the external state

computer-science/general-concepts/answers/kaihay.md

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+
+### What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous processing? What is a Promise in JS? How are promises handled in JS? How do other languages (go, python, etc) handle asynchronous function calls?
+Synchronous: code runs line by line waiting for the previous execution to complete before beginning
+Asynchronous: code executes outside of the main application. 
+
+A promise represents the outcome of an asynchronous operation, success or failure. Handled with .then and .catch. Python uses asyncio, c uses threads but no async await keywords.
+
+### What is recursion? When would you use it?
+
+Recursion is when a function calls itself. Used for things like tree searches when you want to meet a certain condition and might not know how many iterations it needs to go through. 
+
+### What is the difference between parallel and concurrent processing?
+
+Parallel processing is when multiple tasks are run at the same time. Concurrency multiple tasks are run one at a time, but managed in a way that seems like they are run at the same time.
+
+### What is an anonymous or lambda function? Why would you ever use this?
+
+They are unnamed functions which could be used if you just need to do an operation once
+
+### Why would you choose one language over another? Can you give an example scenario and trade off two languages?
+
+Some languages might better support what you want to do with libraries or some might abstract functionality to reduce complexity but give the developer less control. C for example the programmer has to manage memory allocation and deallocation themselves while Python does that for the programmer. If you had a small chip you wanted to program with limited memory youd want to use C, maybe you want to do machine learning, Python has many libraries that can support that and abstracts the memory handling so you can focus on that.
+

computer-science/languages/answers/kaihay.md

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+### What is a programming language?
+
+Rules/Syntax/language where human readable language translates into computer instructions. Reading python vs reading 1s and 0s
+
+### What is a software framework?
+
+Set of tools and libraries that helps programmers develop in a certain language.
+
+### What is the difference between a programming language vs a framework?
+
+A language is the syntax and grammar and the framework provides things already built with the language and tools to help fill the structure.
+
+### What is the difference between a procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming language?
+
+Procedural: sequential steps
+OOP: organized with objects, hierarchies, functions
+Functional: computations are functions lots of immutable
+### What is the difference between a typed and non-typed language?
+
+typed language: data types checked when code is compiled
+
+Nontyped: data types checked when code runs
+
+### ADVANCED
+
+### What is the difference between a compiled and interpreted language? Is JS compiled or interpreted?
+
+Compiled is when the code is converted into machine code before execution while interpreted it is converted line by line when run. JS is a mix of both, initially line by line then JIT compilation

computer-science/light-computing/answers/kaihay.md

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+## QUESTIONS
+
+- What is a computer?
+Device that processes data
+- What is an operating system?
+Software that manages a computer's resources
+- What is a runtime?
+environment where program runs or period the program runs for
+- What is memory? RAM? CPU?
+Memory is where data is stored for the computer. RAM is random access memory where data/instructions are stored temporarily for quick access by the computer, goes away when computer turns off. CPU is the central processing unit where instructions are carried out.
+- What is a thread? What is a process?
+A process is a program that is being executed and a thread is an execution within the process which can allow multiple tasks to be performed simultaneously.
+- What is a browser?
+Software that displays webcontent

computer-science/light-cs/answers/kaihay.md

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+## QUESTIONS
+
+- What is time complexity?
+measure of the runtime of a program vs input size
+- What is space complexity?
+measure of how much memory the program will use vs input size
+- What is a pointer and reference?
+a pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of a value, a reference is an alias for an existing variable(same variable different name)
+- What is a data structure? What are the types of data structures?
+A data structure is a way to store and organize data. ex: array, object, linked list, graph,...
+- What is a call stack? Why is it important?
+It is a datastructure used to track function calls in a program. It is important because it makes sure of the execution of functions in proper order and can help detect stack overflow like infinite recursion.

computer-science/light-networking/answers/kaihay.md

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+## QUESTIONS
+
+- What is an IP Address? What does IP stand for?
+IP is internet protocol and an ip address is what identifies your device for communication on the internet. 
+- What does HTTP stand for? What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?
+Hyper Text Transfer Protocol, HTTP Secure, rules for data transfer over the internet. HTTPS is encrypted and secure while https has no encryption 
+- What is a URL? What is DNS?
+URL is a gyman readable address for a webpage. A DNS is a Domain Name system which translate the urls into ip addresses

computer-science/typescript/answers/kaihay.md

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+
+## QUESTIONS
+
+- What is the difference between typescript and javascript? Why would you use typescript over javascript?
+
+Typescript is javascript with types. It helps catch errors earlier and can help with readability and complexity.
+
+- What are the base types used in typescript?
+
+string, number, boolean
+
+- What is a generic?
+
+A placeholder type which are replaced on execution
+- What is the difference between an interface and a type?
+
+They both give the structure of an object, interface can be changed with another declaration on the same alias while type cant be changed outside its declaration.
+
+- What is a javascript or typescript module? What is a class?
+
+They are reusable blocks of code in their own file similar. A class is a template for creating objects
+## ADVANCED
+
+- What is type narrowing?
+
+Making a more general type into a more precise type

frontend/CSS/answers/kaihay.md

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+
+## QUESTIONS
+
+- What does CSS stand for? What is it used for? 
+Cascading style sheets, used for defining the visual presentation of webpages. like red header text
+- What is a CSS pre-processor? Can you give some examples?
+Helps extend the capabilities of standard css, like variables and functions. Sass, Less, Stylus
+- What is a CSS framework? Can you give some examples?
+Prewritten library of css. Ex: bulma, tailwind css

frontend/browser/answers/kaihay.md

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+### QUESTIONS
+
+- What is a browser?
+
+Software that gets and displays content from the web
+
+- What is an event? What is an event handler?
+
+An event is an action that happens in the browser like a click. An event handler responds to and event happening 
+- What does DOM stand for? What is the structure of the DOM?
+
+Document object model. Structured like a tree
+- How do you interact with the DOM?
+
+Using JS methods like document.getElementById()
+- What does HTML stand for? What is it? Why is it important?
+
+Hypertext markup language, it is the standard for creating webpages and is important because so its the same for everyone.

frontend/react/answers/kaihay.md

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+
+## QUESTIONS
+
+- What is a prop?
+Immutable data passed from parent component to child
+- What is a hook? Can you explain what the built in hooks are, and when you would use them?
+They are functions that lets you use state and other react features. 
+- What is a component? Why are components important?
+They are reusable UI blocks
+- What is JSX?
+JavaScript XML to write html like code in JS
+
+## ADVANCED
+
+- What are some of the differences between React, Svelte, and Angular? Why are they important?
+React: JS library, component based, virtual DOM, JSX
+Svelte:  easy to learn and use, compiles components into JS modules so browser does less work, small package size, fast render, component based
+Angular: JS framework in TS, modular, component based, many ready-made components, best security
+
+Its important to know which would best suit your project and which is most beneficial to learn

git/answers/kaihay.md

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+## QUESTIONS
+
+- What is git? Why do we need it?
+it is a version control system needed to track changes in code and allows for collaboration.
+- What are the top 10 commands? What do they do?
+git init: create new git repo
+git clone: copies a remote repo to your machine
+git add : stage changes for commit
+git commit -m"": saves staged changes
+git push: uploads commits to remote repo
+git status: shows state of your current staged or untracked changes
+git pull: updates your local with changes from the remote repo
+git branch: lists branches
+git checkout -b: creates and switches to new branch
+git merge : combines another branch's changes to your current
+- How do you open a PR?
+git checkout -b newBranch
+git add .
+git commit -m "massive changes!"
+git push origin newBranch
+then goto github and do new pull and select your branch

terminal/answers/kaihay.md

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+## QUESTIONS
+
+- What are the top 20 commands for mac Command Line Interface (CLI)?
+ls, cd, mkdir, pwd, rm, cp, mv, cat, open, touch, rmdir, rm -r(removes everything in dir), sudo, top, q (ctrl c), clear, ditto (copies one dir into another), whatis, man, exit, shortcuts run, tmutil startbackup(starts a new backup snapshot),killall AppName,  
+- What is a terminal? A CLI? Why are they synonymous?
+Terminal is the application to access the CLI(command line interface) which is the interface for running commands. Synonymous because terminal is what gives you the interface for the cli.
+- What is the difference between bash and zsh?
+Bash: default on most linux distros simple stable
+Zsh: built on bash, has extra features like plugin support and auto suggestions, customizablility
+- What is the difference between Terminal, Console, Shell, and Command Line?
+
+Terminal: text environment
+Console: physical terminal
+Shell: command line interpreter
+(a bit confused still)