Add client-side logging for software installs, scripts, and setup experience

[gillespi314]

For #25671

NOTE: Due to the limited nature of the changes in this PR (changes to logging only), Developer QA was also limited in the interest of time. I confirmed that fleetd built successfully for three main operating systems, but only tested installation of fleetd on macOS to confirm the additional logging appeared as expected. The planned release QA process will cover all three operating systems.

Checklist for submitter

• Changes file added for user-visible changes in changes/, orbit/changes/ or ee/fleetd-chrome/changes.
• Manual QA for all new/changed functionality
• For Orbit and Fleet Desktop changes:
  • Orbit runs on macOS, Linux and Windows. Check if the orbit feature/bugfix should only apply to one platform (runtime.GOOS).
  • Manual QA must be performed in the three main OSs, macOS, Windows and Linux.
  • Auto-update manual QA, from released version of component to new version (see tools/tuf/test).

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 48.93617% with 24 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 63.60%. Comparing base (2b9e19f) to head (eaaf4f9).
Report is 12 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
orbit/pkg/setup_experience/setup_experience.go	0.00%	19 Missing ⚠️
orbit/pkg/installer/installer.go	76.47%	3 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️
orbit/pkg/update/notifications.go	80.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #26078      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   63.64%   63.60%   -0.05%     
==========================================
  Files        1631     1631              
  Lines      156293   156430     +137     
  Branches     4088     4088              
==========================================
+ Hits        99470    99490      +20     
- Misses      48985    49101     +116     
- Partials     7838     7839       +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
backend	64.43% <48.93%> (-0.05%)	⬇️

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[PezHub]

QA testing results:

Spot checked that software installs and script runs on all three platforms have added logging information

macOS

Win

Linux