Do not crash when an invalid VirtualMode==true ListView is destroyed

src/System.Windows.Forms/src/Resources/SR.resx

@@ -4018,7 +4018,7 @@ Stack trace where the illegal operation occurred was:
     <value>Occurs whenever the state of a virtual item is changed.</value>
   </data>
   <data name="ListViewVirtualListSizeDescr" xml:space="preserve">
-    <value>Sets the count of the item collection when the ListView is in virtual mode.</value>
+    <value>Sets the count of the item collection when the ListView is in virtual mode. If VirtualMode is set to true, and the VirtualListSize property is greater than 0, you must handle the RetrieveVirtualItem event providing valid items.</value>
   </data>
   <data name="ListViewVirtualListSizeInvalidArgument" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>Value of '{1}' is not valid for '{0}'. {0} should be greater than or equal to 0.</value>

src/System.Windows.Forms/src/System/Windows/Forms/Controls/ListView/ListView.ListViewItemCollection.IInnerList.cs

@@ -26,6 +26,20 @@ internal interface IInnerList
             ListViewItem Insert(int index, ListViewItem item);
             void Remove(ListViewItem item);
             void RemoveAt(int index);
+            ListViewItem? GetItemByIndex(int index)
+            {
+                ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegative(index);
+                ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfGreaterThanOrEqual(index, Count);
+
+                try
+                {
+                    return this[index];
+                }
+                catch
+                {
+                    return null;
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 }

src/System.Windows.Forms/src/System/Windows/Forms/Controls/ListView/ListView.ListViewItemCollection.cs

@@ -73,6 +73,14 @@ public virtual ListViewItem this[int index]
             }
         }
 
+        internal ListViewItem? GetItemByIndex(int index)
+        {
+            ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegative(index);
+            ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfGreaterThanOrEqual(index, InnerList.Count);
+
+            return InnerList.GetItemByIndex(index);
+        }
+
         object? IList.this[int index]
         {
             get

src/System.Windows.Forms/src/System/Windows/Forms/Controls/ListView/ListView.ListViewNativeItemCollection.cs

@@ -34,35 +34,7 @@ public int Count
 
         public ListViewItem this[int displayIndex]
         {
-            get
-            {
-                _owner.ApplyUpdateCachedItems();
-
-                if (_owner.VirtualMode)
-                {
-                    // if we are showing virtual items, we need to get the item from the user
-                    RetrieveVirtualItemEventArgs rVI = new(displayIndex);
-                    _owner.OnRetrieveVirtualItem(rVI);
-                    rVI.Item!.SetItemIndex(_owner, displayIndex);
-                    return rVI.Item;
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegative(displayIndex);
-                    ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfGreaterThanOrEqual(displayIndex, _owner._itemCount);
-
-                    if (_owner.IsHandleCreated && !_owner.ListViewHandleDestroyed)
-                    {
-                        _owner._listItemsTable.TryGetValue(DisplayIndexToID(displayIndex), out ListViewItem? item);
-                        return item!;
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        Debug.Assert(_owner._listViewItems is not null, "listItemsArray is null, but the handle isn't created");
-                        return _owner._listViewItems[displayIndex];
-                    }
-                }
-            }
+            get => GetItemByIndexInternal(displayIndex, throwInVirtualMode: true)!;
             set
             {
                 _owner.ApplyUpdateCachedItems();
@@ -84,6 +56,44 @@ public ListViewItem this[int displayIndex]
             }
         }
 
+        public ListViewItem? GetItemByIndex(int index) =>
+            GetItemByIndexInternal(index, throwInVirtualMode: false);
+
+        private ListViewItem? GetItemByIndexInternal(int index, [NotNullWhen(true)] bool throwInVirtualMode)
+        {
+            _owner.ApplyUpdateCachedItems();
+
+            if (_owner.VirtualMode)
+            {
+                // If we are showing virtual items, we need to get the item from the user.
+                RetrieveVirtualItemEventArgs rVI = new(index);
+                _owner.OnRetrieveVirtualItem(rVI);
+                if (rVI.Item is null)
+                {
+                    return !throwInVirtualMode ? null : throw new InvalidOperationException(SR.ListViewVirtualItemRequired);
+                }
+
+                rVI.Item.SetItemIndex(_owner, index);
+                return rVI.Item;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfNegative(index);
+                ArgumentOutOfRangeException.ThrowIfGreaterThanOrEqual(index, _owner._itemCount);
+
+                if (_owner.IsHandleCreated && !_owner.ListViewHandleDestroyed)
+                {
+                    _owner._listItemsTable.TryGetValue(DisplayIndexToID(index), out ListViewItem? item);
+                    return item!;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    Debug.Assert(_owner._listViewItems is not null, "listItemsArray is null, but the handle isn't created");
+                    return _owner._listViewItems[index];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
         public ListViewItem Add(ListViewItem value)
         {
             if (_owner.VirtualMode)

src/System.Windows.Forms/src/System/Windows/Forms/Controls/ListView/ListView.cs

@@ -5117,7 +5117,7 @@ internal override void ReleaseUiaProvider(HWND handle)
 
         for (int i = 0; i < Items.Count; i++)
         {
-            Items[i].ReleaseUiaProvider();
+            Items.GetItemByIndex(i)?.ReleaseUiaProvider();
         }
 
         if (_defaultGroup is not null)

src/System.Windows.Forms/tests/UnitTests/System/Windows/Forms/ListViewTests.cs

@@ -5203,6 +5203,66 @@ public void ListView_AnnounceColumnHeader_WorksCorrectly(int x, int y, string ex
         Assert.True(listView.IsHandleCreated);
     }
 
+    public static TheoryData<ListViewItem> GetListViewItemTheoryData() => new()
+    {
+        { new("Item 1") },
+        { null }
+    };
+
+    [WinFormsTheory]
+    [MemberData(nameof(GetListViewItemTheoryData))]
+    // Regression test for https://github.com/dotnet/winforms/issues/11663.
+    public void ListView_VirtualMode_ReleaseUiaProvider_Success(ListViewItem listItem)
+    {
+        using ListView listView = new()
+        {
+            VirtualMode = true,
+            VirtualListSize = 1
+        };
+
+        listView.RetrieveVirtualItem += (s, e) =>
+        {
+            e.Item = e.ItemIndex switch
+            {
+                0 => listItem,
+                _ => throw new NotImplementedException()
+            };
+        };
+
+        listView.AccessibilityObject.Should().NotBeNull();
+
+        Action action = () => listView.ReleaseUiaProvider(listView.InternalHandle);
+        action.Should().NotThrow();
+        listView.IsAccessibilityObjectCreated.Should().BeFalse();
+        listView.IsHandleCreated.Should().BeFalse();
+    }
+
+    [WinFormsFact]
+    public void ListView_VirtualMode_GetListViewItemAsExpected()
+    {
+        using ListView listView = new()
+        {
+            VirtualMode = true,
+            VirtualListSize = 2
+        };
+
+        ListViewItem listItem1 = new("Item 1");
+        ListViewItem listItem2 = null;
+        listView.RetrieveVirtualItem += (s, e) =>
+        {
+            e.Item = e.ItemIndex switch
+            {
+                0 => listItem1,
+                1 => listItem2,
+                _ => throw new NotImplementedException()
+            };
+        };
+        listView.Items.GetItemByIndex(0).Should().Be(listView.Items[0]);
+        listView.Items.GetItemByIndex(1).Should().BeNull();
+        Action action = () => listView.Items[1].ToString();
+        action.Should().Throw<InvalidOperationException>(SR.ListViewVirtualItemRequired);
+    }
+
     private class SubListViewAccessibleObject : ListView.ListViewAccessibleObject
     {
         internal string AnnouncedColumn { get; private set; }