Update more places with respect to ref-valued properties and indexers #1402

jnm2 · 2025-09-04T00:45:58Z

I spread a wide net and put no effort toward deduplicating so far, after seeing the wide variety in types of update. I am open to suggestion on that.

jnm2 · 2025-09-04T00:49:34Z

standard/expressions.md

 A member lookup is the process whereby the meaning of a name in the context of a type is determined. A member lookup can occur as part of evaluating a *simple_name* ([§12.8.4](expressions.md#1284-simple-names)) or a *member_access* ([§12.8.7](expressions.md#1287-member-access)) in an expression. If the *simple_name* or *member_access* occurs as the *primary_expression* of an *invocation_expression* ([§12.8.10.2](expressions.md#128102-method-invocations)), the member is said to be *invoked*.

-If a member is a method or event, or if it is a constant, field or property of either a delegate type ([§20](delegates.md#20-delegates)) or the type `dynamic` ([§8.2.4](types.md#824-the-dynamic-type)), then the member is said to be *invocable.*
+If a member is a method or event, or if it is a constant, field or property whose evaluated value is either of a delegate type ([§20](delegates.md#20-delegates)) or the type `dynamic` ([§8.2.4](types.md#824-the-dynamic-type)), then the member is said to be *invocable.*


This change enables:

class C { void M() { Prop(); } private System.Action f; public ref System.Action Prop => ref f; }

Since the property type is ref System.Action which is not a delegate type, but the property's evaluated value is of type System.Action.

standard/expressions.md

jnm2 · 2025-09-04T00:53:22Z

standard/expressions.md

 A member initializer that specifies an expression after the equals sign is processed in the same way as an assignment ([§12.21.2](expressions.md#12212-simple-assignment)) to the target.

-A member initializer that specifies an object initializer after the equals sign is a ***nested object initializer***, i.e., an initialization of an embedded object. Instead of assigning a new value to the field or property, the assignments in the nested object initializer are treated as assignments to members of the field or property. Nested object initializers cannot be applied to properties with a value type, or to read-only fields with a value type.
+A member initializer that specifies an object initializer after the equals sign is a ***nested object initializer***, i.e., an initialization of an embedded object. Instead of assigning a new value to the field or property, the assignments in the nested object initializer are treated as assignments to members of the field or property. Nested object initializers cannot be applied to properties or indexers with a value type, to ref-valued properties or indexers whose type is a reference to a value type, or to read-only fields with a value type.


Likely fixes an older spec bug which failed to mention that this rule applies to indexers as well as properties.

jnm2 · 2025-09-04T00:54:02Z

standard/expressions.md

+A member initializer that specifies an object initializer after the equals sign is a ***nested object initializer***, i.e., an initialization of an embedded object. Instead of assigning a new value to the field or property, the assignments in the nested object initializer are treated as assignments to members of the field or property. Nested object initializers cannot be applied to properties or indexers with a value type, to ref-valued properties or indexers whose type is a reference to a value type, or to read-only fields with a value type.

-A member initializer that specifies a collection initializer after the equals sign is an initialization of an embedded collection. Instead of assigning a new collection to the target field, property, or indexer, the elements given in the initializer are added to the collection referenced by the target. The target shall be of a collection type that satisfies the requirements specified in [§12.8.17.2.3](expressions.md#1281723-collection-initializers).
+A member initializer that specifies a collection initializer after the equals sign is an initialization of an embedded collection. Instead of assigning a new collection to the target field, property, or indexer, the elements given in the initializer are added to the collection referenced by the target. The target shall be of a collection type that satisfies the requirements specified in [§12.8.17.2.3](expressions.md#1281723-collection-initializers). Initialization of an embedded collection cannot be applied to properties or indexers with a value type, to ref-valued properties or indexers whose type is a reference to a value type, or to read-only fields with a value type.


Likely fixes an older spec bug which failed to mention that this rule applies to nested collection initializers as well as nested object initializers.

jnm2 · 2025-09-04T00:55:43Z

standard/classes.md

- A property that has only a get accessor is said to be a ***read-only property***. It is a compile-time error for a read-only property to be the target of an assignment.
- A property that has only a set accessor is said to be a ***write-only property***. Except as the target of an assignment, it is a compile-time error to reference a write-only property in an expression.
+- A property that has only a get accessor is said to be a ***read-only property***. It is a compile-time error for a read-only property to be the target of an assignment unless the property is ref-valued and returns a writeable reference.
+- A property that has only a set accessor is said to be a ***write-only property***. Except as the target of an assignment or as an argument to the `nameof` operator ([§12.8.23](expressions.md#12823-the-nameof-operator)), it is a compile-time error to reference a write-only property in an expression.


Likely fixes an older spec bug which was disallowing:

class C { void M() { _ = nameof(Prop); } public int Prop { set { } } }

jskeet · 2025-10-20T14:11:14Z

@jnm2 Would you like us to review this and discuss it in the upcoming meeting after the priority PRs? If so, feel free to apply the meeting-discuss label.

jnm2 · 2025-10-20T15:26:02Z

Sure. Is applying that label a good automatic step to take when submitting a PR that is ready for review?

jskeet · 2025-10-21T13:35:27Z

Sure. Is applying that label a good automatic step to take when submitting a PR that is ready for review?

If it's non-trivial, yes. For very small changes, it's fine to just get appropriate folks to review between meetings and merge.

jnm2 · 2025-10-22T22:10:49Z

standard/expressions.md

 - The best indexer of the set of candidate indexers is identified using the overload resolution rules of [§12.6.4](expressions.md#1264-overload-resolution). If a single best indexer cannot be identified, the indexer access is ambiguous, and a binding-time error occurs.
 - The accessors of the best indexer are checked:
-  - If the indexer access is the target of an assignment then the indexer shall have a set or ref get accessor, otherwise, a binding-time error occurs;
+  - If the indexer access is the target of an assignment then the indexer either shall have a set accessor or shall return a non-readonly ref, otherwise, a binding-time error occurs;


Fixes a spec issue where it would be valid to assign to a ref readonly indexer. (That is, an indexer whose returned ref is a readonly ref. I'm not talking about a readonly ref indexer, which is an indexer which is a readonly struct member.)

Probably in classes on indexers.

Sorry, I'm not sure what you're saying. Is there an open question on the change here or another place to update?

Sorry. I was saying the update for ref readonly should be in the section on indexers.

BillWagner

This is good progress. I'd also like to see more xrefs to15.7.1 where "non-ref-valued" and "ref-valued" properties are defined.

standard/expressions.md

BillWagner · 2025-11-18T15:35:06Z

standard/expressions.md

 - The best indexer of the set of candidate indexers is identified using the overload resolution rules of [§12.6.4](expressions.md#1264-overload-resolution). If a single best indexer cannot be identified, the indexer access is ambiguous, and a binding-time error occurs.
 - The accessors of the best indexer are checked:
-  - If the indexer access is the target of an assignment then the indexer shall have a set or ref get accessor, otherwise, a binding-time error occurs;
+  - If the indexer access is the target of an assignment then the indexer either shall have a set accessor or shall return a non-readonly ref, otherwise, a binding-time error occurs;


Probably in classes on indexers.

standard/expressions.md

jnm2 · 2025-11-19T01:31:26Z

@BillWagner Thanks! The xrefs have been added.

standard/classes.md

jskeet

I'm generally very much in favour of this - just a few nits.

jskeet · 2025-11-19T11:01:23Z

standard/expressions.md

 - The value of a variable is simply the value currently stored in the storage location identified by the variable. A variable shall be considered definitely assigned ([§9.4](variables.md#94-definite-assignment)) before its value can be obtained, or otherwise a compile-time error occurs.
- The value of a property access expression is obtained by invoking the get accessor of the property. If the property has no get accessor, a compile-time error occurs. Otherwise, a function member invocation ([§12.6.6](expressions.md#1266-function-member-invocation)) is performed, and the result of the invocation becomes the value of the property access expression.
- The value of an indexer access expression is obtained by invoking the get accessor of the indexer. If the indexer has no get accessor, a compile-time error occurs. Otherwise, a function member invocation ([§12.6.6](expressions.md#1266-function-member-invocation)) is performed with the argument list associated with the indexer access expression, and the result of the invocation becomes the value of the indexer access expression.
+- The value of a property access expression is obtained by invoking the get accessor of the property. If the property has no get accessor, a compile-time error occurs. Otherwise, a function member invocation ([§12.6.6](expressions.md#1266-function-member-invocation)) is performed. For non-ref-valued properties (§15.7.1), the result of the invocation becomes the value of the property access expression. For ref-valued properties, the result of the invocation is a variable and the value of the variable becomes the value of the property access expression.


I'm not sure about "and the value of the variable becomes the value of the property access expression". We've classified it as a variable, not a value... Can we not just leave it as something like "and that variable is the result of evaluating the get accessor"? I may very well be wrong on this, and haven't checked other places yet.

Same applies to the line below, of course.

Nigel: "the variable reference becomes the result of the property access expression"

Or maybe "the variable becomes" - please check for use of "variable reference" elsewhere.

See also #324 and clause 9.5.

jskeet · 2025-11-19T11:03:28Z

standard/expressions.md

 >   <tr>
 >     <td><code>e.P = value</code></td>
->     <td>The set accessor of the property <code>P</code> in the class, struct, or interface given by the type of <code>E</code> is invoked with the instance expression <code>e</code> and the argument list <code>(value)</code>. A binding-time error occurs if <code>P</code> is <code>static</code> or if <code>P</code> is read-only.</td>
+>     <td>If <code>P</code> is non-ref-valued (§15.7.1), the set accessor of the property <code>P</code> in the class, struct, or interface given by the type of <code>E</code> is invoked with the instance expression <code>e</code> and the argument list <code>(value)</code>. If <code>P</code> is ref-valued, the get accessor of the property <code>P</code> in the containing class, struct, or interface given by the type of <code>E</code> is invoked is invoked with the instance expression <code>e</code>. A binding-time error occurs if <code>P</code> is <code>static</code>, if <code>P</code> is non-ref-valued and read-only, or if <code>P</code> is ref-valued and returns a readonly reference.</td>


For the ref-valued case, I think we still need to say "and then an assignment is performed to the resulting variable" or something like that, don't we? Otherwise we're saying the get accessor is invoked - and that's all. (There's no reference to value.)

jskeet · 2025-11-19T11:03:55Z

standard/expressions.md

 >   <tr>
 >     <td><code>e[x, y] = value</code></td>
->     <td>Overload resolution is applied to select the best indexer in the class, struct, or interface given by the type of <code>e</code>. The set accessor of the indexer is invoked with the instance expression <code>e</code> and the argument list <code>(x, y, value)</code>. A binding-time error occurs if the indexer is read-only.
+>     <td>Overload resolution is applied to select the best indexer in the class, struct, or interface given by the type of <code>e</code>. If the indexer is non-ref-valued (§15.9.1), the set accessor of the indexer is invoked with the instance expression <code>e</code> and the argument list <code>(x, y, value)</code>. If the indexer is ref-valued, the get accessor of the indexer is invoked with the instance expression <code>e</code> and the argument list <code>(x, y)</code>. A binding-time error occurs if the indexer is non-ref valued and read-only or if the indexer is ref-valued and returns a readonly reference.


Same as above, I think.

Co-authored-by: Jon Skeet <[email protected]>

jnm2 added 2 commits September 3, 2025 19:37

Nameof may reference set-only property

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Update more places with respect to ref-valued properties and indexers

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jnm2 commented Sep 4, 2025

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jnm2 commented Sep 4, 2025

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jnm2 added the meeting: discuss This issue should be discussed at the next TC49-TG2 meeting label Oct 20, 2025

Resolve merge conflicts

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jnm2 commented Oct 22, 2025

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jnm2 requested a review from Nigel-Ecma October 22, 2025 22:11

BillWagner reviewed Nov 18, 2025

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jnm2 commented Nov 19, 2025

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jnm2 added 3 commits November 18, 2025 20:16

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Co-authored-by: Jon Skeet <[email protected]>

Update more places with respect to ref-valued properties and indexers #1402

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