feat: add multi-format encoding engine with step-by-step visualization

[karan-chaos]

Summary

Resolves #1677
This PR introduces a complete multi-format encoding and decoding engine with
support for eight common formats and detailed step-by-step transformation
visualization.

The feature includes interactive format selection, expandable encoding
breakdowns, bit manipulation visualization, format information panels, and a
quick reference guide.

Changes

Encoding Engine

Added encode and decode support for:

• Base64
• Base32
• Hexadecimal
• Binary
• URL encoding
• ASCII
• ROT13
• Decimal

Step-by-Step Visualization

Added detailed transformation breakdowns showing:

• Input processing
• Character conversions
• Intermediate representations
• Bit manipulation
• Final output generation

Interactive UI

Added a React interface featuring:

• Format selector
• Encode and decode controls
• Step-by-step visualization
• Expandable details
• Format information panel
• Quick reference table

Format Information

Added metadata for supported formats, including:

• Alphabet
• Alphabet size
• Use cases
• Representation details

Validation & Error Handling

Added input validation and error handling for unsupported or malformed
encoded values.

Testing

Added 40+ unit tests covering:

• Round-trip correctness
• Error handling
• Invalid inputs
• Size ratios
• Cross-format consistency
• Core encoding and decoding behavior

Verification

• Base64 verified
• Base32 verified
• Hex verified
• Binary verified
• URL encoding verified
• ASCII verified
• ROT13 verified
• Decimal verified
• Round-trip correctness verified
• Step-by-step visualization verified
• Error handling verified
• Cross-format consistency verified
• 40+ unit tests passing

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📥 Commits

Reviewing files that changed from the base of the PR and between d227a75 and 6720bf1.

📒 Files selected for processing (4)

• app/encoding-toolkit/page.tsx
• components/encoding/EncodingToolkit.tsx
• lib/encoding/baseEncoding.ts
• tests/unit/baseEncoding.test.ts

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