Update conditionals.md

C++/Notes/conditionals.md

@@ -1,21 +1,45 @@
-### **Conditionals**
+# Conditional Statements
 
----
+1. Conditional statements, also known as selection statements, are used to make decisions based on a given condition. 
+2.If the condition evaluates to True, a set of statements is executed, otherwise another set of statements is executed.
+3. **“if-else”** and **“switch”** both are selection statements.
+4. However, there are some differences in their operations.
 
-Conditionals refer to if-else and switch
-these are used to choose between multiple options, just like in real life we many times have to choose between multiple options, based on the condition we are in
-if-else and switch do the similar thing but in code
-Some examples of such problems can be program to check eligibility to vote based on age, FizzBuzz problem
-FizzBuzz is a problem in which we print Fizz if number is divisible by 3 and print Buzz if its divisible by 5
+# if Statement : 
 
-**If-else Syntax**
+- The if statement selects and executes the statement(s) based on a given condition.
+- If the condition evaluates to True then a given set of statement(s) is executed. 
+- However, if the condition evaluates to False, then the given set of statements is skipped and the program control passes to the statement following the if statement.
+
+# if-else Statement : 
+- The if – else statement causes one of the two possible statement( s) to execute, depending upon the outcome of the condition.
+
+**if-else Syntax :**
 `if (Condition){    `
 `----Thing to do----`
 `} else {           `
 `--Else what to do--`
 `}                  `
 
-**Switch Syntax**
+# Nested if-else Statement : 
+- A nested if-else statement contains one or more if-else statements.
+- The if else can be nested in three different ways :-
+1. **if–else** statement nested within the if part.
+2. **if-else** statement is nested within the else part.
+3. **if-else** statement is nested within both the if and the else parts.
+
+# if-else-if ladder :
+- Also known as the if-else-if staircase, has an if-else statement within the outermost else statement.
+- The inner else statement can further have other if-else statements.
+
+# Switch Statement :
+
+- A switch statement can only work for quality of comparisons.
+- No two case labels in the same switch can have identical values.
+- If character constants are used in the switch statement, they are automatically converted to their equivalent ASCII codes.
+- The switch statement is more efficient choice than if in a situation that supports the nature of the switch operation.
+
+**Switch Syntax :**
 `switch(expression){`
 `case const1:       `
 `---things to do----`
@@ -27,4 +51,14 @@ FizzBuzz is a problem in which we print Fizz if number is divisible by 3 and pri
 `   break;          `
 `}                  `
 
-switch case is more cleaner, but mostly people prefer using if-else
+# Key Differences Between if-else and switch
+
+1. Expression inside **if statement** decide whether to execute the statements inside if block or under else block. On the other hand, expression inside **switch statement** decide which case to execute.
+
+2. An **if-else statement** uses multiple statements for multiple choices. On other hand, **switch statement** uses single expression for multiple choices.
+
+3. **If-esle statement** checks for equality as well as for logical expression. On the other hand, **switch** checks only for equality.
+
+4. The **if statement** evaluates integer, character, pointer or floating-point type or Boolean type. On the other hand, **switch statement** evaluates only character or a integer data type.
+
+5. The **if statement** is more flexible than **switch statement**, but the **switch statement** is more efficient than **if-else statement**.