Add ability to query columns and upload tables

[zoghbi-a]

This PR adds several enhancements that have been added to include feedback from users (including reported issues; e.g #3387, #3321) since the last refactor to use the VO backend. The changes include:

• Add query_by_column to allow querying of different catalog columns. The user passes a dict that is parsed into a TAP WHERE statements.
• Add support for uploading tables when using TAP directly through query_tap.
• Improve how maxrec works. If it is bigger than the default server limit, add a TOP statement.
• Add automatic guessing for the data host in download_data

Because query_by_column shares code with the existing query_region, the shared part has now been moved to an internal function _query_execute, which is called by both query_by_column and query_region.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 95.65217% with 3 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 70.64%. Comparing base (b918da4) to head (a3b86e8).
⚠️ Report is 70 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
astroquery/heasarc/core.py	95.65%	3 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3403      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   70.48%   70.64%   +0.16%     
==========================================
  Files         232      232              
  Lines       19977    20043      +66     
==========================================
+ Hits        14080    14159      +79     
+ Misses       5897     5884      -13     

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