GH-49538: [C++][FlightRPC][ODBC] Use static linkage in Windows FlightSQL ODBC driver

.github/workflows/cpp_extra.yml

@@ -580,8 +580,8 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
       packages: write
     env:
-      ARROW_BUILD_SHARED: ON
-      ARROW_BUILD_STATIC: OFF
+      ARROW_BUILD_SHARED: OFF
+      ARROW_BUILD_STATIC: ON
       ARROW_BUILD_TESTS: ON
       ARROW_BUILD_TYPE: release
       # Turn Arrow CSV off to disable `find_package(Arrow)` check on MSVC CI. 
@@ -597,6 +597,10 @@ jobs:
       # Build Arrow with GPR_DISABLE_ABSEIL_SYNC so grpcpp's Mutex ABI
       # matches the gRPC rebuilt by the overlay triplet. Remove once fixed upstream.
       ARROW_CXXFLAGS: -DGPR_DISABLE_ABSEIL_SYNC
+      ARROW_DEPENDENCY_USE_SHARED: OFF
+      ARROW_MIMALLOC: OFF
+      ARROW_TEST_LINKAGE: shared
+      ARROW_USE_STATIC_CRT: OFF
       CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
       CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX: /usr
       VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES: 'clear;nugettimeout,600;nuget,GitHub,readwrite'

.github/workflows/package_odbc.yml

@@ -50,21 +50,24 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       packages: write
     env: &odbc_msvc_env
-      ARROW_BUILD_SHARED: ON
-      ARROW_BUILD_STATIC: OFF
+      ARROW_BUILD_SHARED: OFF
+      ARROW_BUILD_STATIC: ON
       ARROW_BUILD_TESTS: OFF
       ARROW_BUILD_TYPE: release
-      # Turn Arrow CSV off to disable `find_package(Arrow)` check on MSVC CI. 
+      # Turn Arrow CSV off to disable `find_package(Arrow)` check on MSVC CI.
       # GH-49050 TODO: enable `find_package(Arrow)` check on MSVC CI.
       ARROW_CSV: OFF
       ARROW_DEPENDENCY_SOURCE: VCPKG
+      ARROW_DEPENDENCY_USE_SHARED: OFF
       ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC: ON
       ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_INSTALLER: ON
       ARROW_HOME: /usr
+      ARROW_MIMALLOC: OFF
+      ARROW_USE_STATIC_CRT: OFF
       CMAKE_GENERATOR: Ninja
       CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX: /usr
       VCPKG_BINARY_SOURCES: 'clear;nugettimeout,600;nuget,GitHub,readwrite'
-      VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET: x64-windows
+      VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET: x64-windows-static-md
     steps:
       - name: Checkout Arrow
         uses: actions/checkout@v6

ci/vcpkg/amd64-windows-no-absl-sync-release.cmake

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
 
 # GH-49465: rebuild gRPC with native sync instead of absl::Mutex to avoid the
 # Windows exit hang. See the ODBC Windows job in cpp_extra.yml
-# Dynamic CRT/linkage and release-only to match that job.
+# Static library linkage, dynamic CRT (/MD), release-only to match that job.
 set(VCPKG_TARGET_ARCHITECTURE x64)
 set(VCPKG_CRT_LINKAGE dynamic)
-set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE dynamic)
+set(VCPKG_LIBRARY_LINKAGE static)
 set(VCPKG_BUILD_TYPE release)
 
 set(VCPKG_C_FLAGS "/DGPR_DISABLE_ABSEIL_SYNC")

cpp/src/arrow/flight/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -123,9 +123,9 @@ function(arrow_set_generated_proto_files_properties)
   set(GENERATED_FILES ${ARGN})
   set_source_files_properties(${GENERATED_FILES} PROPERTIES GENERATED TRUE)
   if(MSVC)
-    # Suppress missing dll-interface warning
+    # Suppress warnings caused by Protobuf (dll-interface)
     set_source_files_properties(${GENERATED_FILES}
-                                PROPERTIES COMPILE_OPTIONS "/wd4251"
+                                PROPERTIES COMPILE_OPTIONS "/wd4251;/wd4275"
                                            SKIP_UNITY_BUILD_INCLUSION TRUE)
   elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "GNU")
     # Disable -Wmissing-declarations
@@ -245,6 +245,15 @@ if(ARROW_BUILD_STATIC AND WIN32)
   target_compile_definitions(arrow_flight_static PUBLIC ARROW_FLIGHT_STATIC)
 endif()
 
+# NOTE-49585: Workaround for issue found in GH-49585. See "NOTE-49585" below.
+if(WIN32
+   AND CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug"
+   AND ARROW_FLIGHT_TEST_LINKAGE STREQUAL "static")
+  foreach(LIB_TARGET ${ARROW_FLIGHT_LIBRARIES})
+    target_link_options(${LIB_TARGET} PRIVATE "/FORCE:MULTIPLE")
+  endforeach()
+endif()
+
 foreach(LIB_TARGET ${ARROW_FLIGHT_LIBRARIES})
   target_compile_definitions(${LIB_TARGET} PRIVATE ARROW_FLIGHT_EXPORTING)
 endforeach()
@@ -371,6 +380,43 @@ if(ARROW_BUILD_BENCHMARKS)
 
 endif(ARROW_BUILD_BENCHMARKS)
 
+# NOTE-49585: Workaround for issue found in GH-49585. When building Flight
+# targets with the combination of:
+#
+# - WIN32
+# - Debug
+# - /MD linkage
+#
+# You get linker errors like this:
+#
+# absl_synchronization.lib(mutex.cc.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: void __cdecl absl::lts_20250814::Mutex::Dtor(void)" (?Dtor
+# @Mutex@lts_20250814@absl@@AEAAXXZ) already defined in arrow_flight_static.lib(grpc_client.obj) [C:\path\to\arrow\cpp\static-debug-build\src\arrow\flight\sql\arrow-flight-sql-test.vcxproj]
+# C:\path\to\arrow\cpp\static-debug-build\debug\Debug\arrow-flight-sql-test.exe :
+# fatal error LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found [C:\path\to\arrow\cpp\static-debug-build\src\arrow\flight\sql\arrow-flight-sql-test.vcxproj]
+#   Building Custom Rule C:/path/to/arrow/cpp/src/arrow/flight/CMakeLists.txt
+#   test_server.cc
+# absl_synchronization.lib(mutex.cc.obj) : error LNK2005: "private: void __cdecl absl::lts_20250814::Mutex::Dtor(void)" (?Dtor
+# @Mutex@lts_20250814@absl@@AEAAXXZ) already defined in arrow_flight_static.lib(protocol_grpc_internal.obj) [C:\path\to\arrow\cpp\static-debug-build\src\arrow\flight\flight-test-server.vcxproj]
+# C:\path\to\arrow\cpp\static-debug-build\debug\Debug\flight-test-server.exe : fatal error
+# LNK1169: one or more multiply defined symbols found [C:\path\to\arrow\cpp\static-debug-build\src\arrow\flight\flight-test-server.vcxproj]
+#
+# If you build in Release mode w/ /MD linkage you don't get these errors.
+if(WIN32
+   AND CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug"
+   AND ARROW_FLIGHT_TEST_LINKAGE STREQUAL "static")
+  set(FLIGHT_TEST_EXES
+      arrow-flight-internals-test
+      arrow-flight-test
+      flight-test-server
+      arrow-flight-perf-server
+      arrow-flight-benchmark)
+  foreach(test_exe ${FLIGHT_TEST_EXES})
+    if(TARGET ${test_exe})
+      target_link_options(${test_exe} PRIVATE "/FORCE:MULTIPLE")
+    endif()
+  endforeach()
+endif()
+
 if(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL)
   add_subdirectory(sql)
 

cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -93,12 +93,26 @@ if(ARROW_BUILD_STATIC AND WIN32)
   target_compile_definitions(arrow_flight_sql_static PUBLIC ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_STATIC)
 endif()
 
+# NOTE-49585: Workaround for issue found in GH-49585. See "NOTE-49585" in
+# ../CMakeLists.txt.
+if(WIN32
+   AND CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug"
+   AND ARROW_FLIGHT_TEST_LINKAGE STREQUAL "static")
+  foreach(LIB_TARGET ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_LIBRARIES})
+    target_link_options(${LIB_TARGET} PRIVATE "/FORCE:MULTIPLE")
+  endforeach()
+endif()
+
 if(MSVC)
   # Suppress warnings caused by Protobuf (casts)
   set_source_files_properties(protocol_internal.cc PROPERTIES COMPILE_OPTIONS "/wd4267")
 endif()
 foreach(LIB_TARGET ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_LIBRARIES})
   target_compile_definitions(${LIB_TARGET} PRIVATE ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_EXPORTING)
+  if(MSVC)
+    # Suppress warnings caused by Protobuf (dll-interface)
+    target_compile_options(${LIB_TARGET} PRIVATE "/wd4275")
+  endif()
 endforeach()
 
 if(ARROW_FLIGHT_TEST_LINKAGE STREQUAL "static" AND ARROW_BUILD_STATIC)
@@ -177,6 +191,18 @@ if(ARROW_BUILD_TESTS OR ARROW_BUILD_EXAMPLES)
                                                        ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_STATIC)
     endforeach()
   endif()
+
+  # NOTE-49585: Workaround for issue found in GH-49585. See "NOTE-49585" in
+  # ../CMakeLists.txt.
+  if(WIN32
+     AND CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug"
+     AND ARROW_FLIGHT_TEST_LINKAGE STREQUAL "static")
+    foreach(TEST_TARGET arrow-flight-sql-test flight-sql-test-server flight-sql-test-app)
+      if(TARGET ${TEST_TARGET})
+        target_link_options(${TEST_TARGET} PRIVATE "/FORCE:MULTIPLE")
+      endif()
+    endforeach()
+  endif()
 endif()
 
 if(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC)

cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -59,23 +59,34 @@ if(WIN32)
   list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SRCS odbc.def install/versioninfo.rc)
 endif()
 
-# On Windows, dynmaic build for ODBC is supported.
-# On unix systems, static build for ODBC is supported, all libraries are linked statically on unix.
-set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_DEPENDENCIES "")
+# Initialize install interface libs (only set in Windows static build)
 set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SHARED_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS "")
 set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS "")
 set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SHARED_PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS "")
+
 if(WIN32)
-  set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_DEPENDENCIES arrow_flight_sql)
-  set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SHARED_LINK_LIBS arrow_flight_sql_shared arrow_odbc_spi_impl)
-  set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_STATIC_LINK_LIBS arrow_flight_sql_static)
-  list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SHARED_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS
-       ArrowFlight::arrow_flight_sql_shared)
-  list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS
-       ArrowFlight::arrow_flight_sql_static)
+  if(ARROW_BUILD_STATIC)
+    # Static Arrow deps on Windows — self-contained ODBC DLL
+    set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SHARED_LINK_LIBS arrow_flight_sql_static
+                                               arrow_odbc_spi_impl)
+    set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_STATIC_LINK_LIBS arrow_flight_sql_static)
+    list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SHARED_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS
+         ArrowFlight::arrow_flight_sql_static)
+    list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS
+         ArrowFlight::arrow_flight_sql_static)
+  else()
+    set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SHARED_LINK_LIBS arrow_flight_sql_shared
+                                               arrow_odbc_spi_impl)
+    set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_STATIC_LINK_LIBS arrow_flight_sql_static)
+    list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SHARED_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS
+         ArrowFlight::arrow_flight_sql_shared)
+    list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_STATIC_INSTALL_INTERFACE_LIBS
+         ArrowFlight::arrow_flight_sql_static)
+  endif()
   list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SHARED_PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS ODBC::ODBC ${ODBCINST})
 else()
-  # Unix
+  # Unix/macOS: driver dynamically links arrow_flight_sql so the driver and test
+  # binary share the same grpc/arrow_flight runtime.
   set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SHARED_LINK_LIBS arrow_odbc_spi_impl)
   set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_STATIC_LINK_LIBS ODBC::ODBC ${ODBCINST})
 endif()
@@ -91,8 +102,6 @@ add_arrow_lib(arrow_flight_sql_odbc
               ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SRCS}
               DEFINITIONS
               UNICODE
-              DEPENDENCIES
-              ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_DEPENDENCIES}
               SHARED_LINK_FLAGS
               ${ARROW_VERSION_SCRIPT_FLAGS} # Defined in cpp/arrow/CMakeLists.txt
               SHARED_LINK_LIBS
@@ -106,6 +115,16 @@ add_arrow_lib(arrow_flight_sql_odbc
               SHARED_PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS
               ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_SHARED_PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS})
 
+# NOTE-49585: Workaround for issue found in GH-49585. See "NOTE-49585" in
+# ../../CMakeLists.txt.
+if(WIN32
+   AND CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug"
+   AND ARROW_FLIGHT_TEST_LINKAGE STREQUAL "static")
+  foreach(LIB_TARGET ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_LIBRARIES})
+    target_link_options(${LIB_TARGET} PRIVATE "/FORCE:MULTIPLE")
+  endforeach()
+endif()
+
 foreach(LIB_TARGET ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_LIBRARIES})
   target_compile_definitions(${LIB_TARGET} PRIVATE ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_EXPORTING)
 endforeach()
@@ -130,15 +149,10 @@ if(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_INSTALLER)
   set(CPACK_PACKAGE_CONTACT "dev@arrow.apache.org")
 
   if(WIN32)
-    # Install ODBC and its Arrow dependencies
     install(PROGRAMS ${CMAKE_INSTALL_SYSTEM_RUNTIME_LIBS}
             DESTINATION bin
             COMPONENT ArrowFlightSQLODBC)
-    install(TARGETS arrow_shared
-                    arrow_compute_shared
-                    arrow_flight_shared
-                    arrow_flight_sql_shared
-                    arrow_flight_sql_odbc_shared
+    install(TARGETS arrow_flight_sql_odbc_shared
                     RUNTIME_DEPENDENCIES
                     PRE_EXCLUDE_REGEXES
                     "api-ms-.*"

cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/odbc_impl/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -133,9 +133,15 @@ endif()
 if(WIN32)
   find_package(ODBC REQUIRED)
   target_include_directories(arrow_odbc_spi_impl PUBLIC ${ODBC_INCLUDE_DIR})
-  target_link_libraries(arrow_odbc_spi_impl
-                        PUBLIC arrow_flight_sql_shared arrow_compute_shared Boost::locale
-                               ${ODBCINST})
+  if(ARROW_BUILD_STATIC)
+    target_link_libraries(arrow_odbc_spi_impl
+                          PUBLIC arrow_flight_sql_static arrow_compute_static
+                                 Boost::locale ${ODBCINST})
+  else()
+    target_link_libraries(arrow_odbc_spi_impl
+                          PUBLIC arrow_flight_sql_shared arrow_compute_shared
+                                 Boost::locale ${ODBCINST})
+  endif()
 else()
   # Unix
   target_include_directories(arrow_odbc_spi_impl SYSTEM BEFORE PUBLIC ${ODBC_INCLUDE_DIR})
@@ -163,11 +169,19 @@ target_link_libraries(arrow_odbc_spi_impl_cli arrow_odbc_spi_impl)
 
 # On Windows, dynamic linking ODBC is supported.
 # On unix systems, static linking ODBC is supported, thus the library linking is static.
-if(WIN32)
-  set(ODBC_SPI_IMPL_TEST_LINK_LIBS arrow_flight_testing_shared)
+# Use STATIC_LINK_LIBS when Flight tests require static linkage to avoid mixing static/shared Arrow
+if(WIN32 AND ARROW_FLIGHT_TEST_LINKAGE STREQUAL "static")
+  set(ODBC_SPI_IMPL_TEST_STATIC_LIBS arrow_odbc_spi_impl arrow_flight_testing_static
+                                     ${ARROW_TEST_STATIC_LINK_LIBS})
+  set(ODBC_SPI_IMPL_TEST_EXTRA_LIBS "")
+elseif(WIN32)
+  set(ODBC_SPI_IMPL_TEST_STATIC_LIBS "")
+  set(ODBC_SPI_IMPL_TEST_EXTRA_LIBS arrow_odbc_spi_impl arrow_flight_testing_shared)
 else()
-  # unix
-  set(ODBC_SPI_IMPL_TEST_LINK_LIBS arrow_flight_testing_static)
+  # Unix - always static
+  set(ODBC_SPI_IMPL_TEST_STATIC_LIBS arrow_odbc_spi_impl arrow_flight_testing_static
+                                     ${ARROW_TEST_STATIC_LINK_LIBS})
+  set(ODBC_SPI_IMPL_TEST_EXTRA_LIBS "")
 endif()
 
 add_arrow_test(odbc_spi_impl_test
@@ -187,5 +201,19 @@ add_arrow_test(odbc_spi_impl_test
                record_batch_transformer_test.cc
                util_test.cc
                EXTRA_LINK_LIBS
-               arrow_odbc_spi_impl
-               ${ODBC_SPI_IMPL_TEST_LINK_LIBS})
+               ${ODBC_SPI_IMPL_TEST_EXTRA_LIBS}
+               STATIC_LINK_LIBS
+               ${ODBC_SPI_IMPL_TEST_STATIC_LIBS})
+
+# NOTE-49585: Workaround for issue found in GH-49585. See "NOTE-49585" in
+# ../../../CMakeLists.txt.
+if(WIN32
+   AND CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug"
+   AND ARROW_FLIGHT_TEST_LINKAGE STREQUAL "static")
+  if(TARGET arrow_odbc_spi_impl_cli)
+    target_link_options(arrow_odbc_spi_impl_cli PRIVATE "/FORCE:MULTIPLE")
+  endif()
+  if(TARGET arrow-odbc-spi-impl-test)
+    target_link_options(arrow-odbc-spi-impl-test PRIVATE "/FORCE:MULTIPLE")
+  endif()
+endif()

cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/tests/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_SRCS
     # GH-46889: move protobuf_test_util to a more common location
     ../../../../engine/substrait/protobuf_test_util.cc)
 
-# GH-49651 Link ODBC tests statically on Linux and dynamically on macOS/Windows
-if(WIN32 OR APPLE)
+# GH-49651 Link ODBC tests statically on Linux and dynamically on macOS.
+if(APPLE OR (WIN32 AND ARROW_TEST_LINKAGE STREQUAL "shared"))
   set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_LINK_LIBS arrow_flight_sql_odbc_shared
                                            ${ARROW_TEST_SHARED_LINK_LIBS})
 else()
@@ -56,24 +56,26 @@ endif()
 set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_LIBS ${ODBCINST} ${ODBC_LIBRARIES} ${SQLite3_LIBRARIES})
 
 # On Windows, dynamic linking ODBC is supported, tests link libraries dynamically.
-# On unix systems, static linking ODBC is supported, thus tests link libraries statically.
+# On Windows with static Arrow, use STATIC_LINK_LIBS to avoid mixing static/shared.
+# On Unix/macOS, tests link libraries statically.
 set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_EXTRA_LINK_LIBS "")
 set(ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_STATIC_LINK_LIBS "")
-if(WIN32)
-  # arrow_odbc_spi_impl is required on Windows due to dynamic linking
+if(WIN32 AND ARROW_FLIGHT_TEST_LINKAGE STREQUAL "static")
+  # Static Windows tests
+  list(APPEND
+       ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_STATIC_LINK_LIBS
+       arrow_odbc_spi_impl
+       ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_LIBS}
+       ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_LINK_LIBS}
+       ${ARROW_TEST_STATIC_LINK_LIBS})
+elseif(WIN32)
+  # Dynamic Windows tests
   list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_EXTRA_LINK_LIBS arrow_odbc_spi_impl
        ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_LIBS})
 else()
-  # Unix
+  # Unix/macOS
   list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_STATIC_LINK_LIBS
        ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_LIBS} ${ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_LINK_LIBS})
-
-  if(NOT APPLE)
-    # Links static dependencies on Linux to support ARROW_TEST_LINKAGE=static
-    list(APPEND ARROW_FLIGHT_SQL_ODBC_TEST_STATIC_LINK_LIBS arrow_odbc_spi_impl
-         ${ARROW_PROTOBUF_LIBPROTOBUF})
-  endif()
-
 endif()
 
 add_arrow_test(flight_sql_odbc_test
@@ -92,3 +94,11 @@ target_link_libraries(arrow-flight-sql-odbc-test PRIVATE ODBC::ODBC)
 
 # Disable unity build due to sqlite_sql_info.cc conflict with sql.h and sqlext.h headers.
 set_target_properties(arrow-flight-sql-odbc-test PROPERTIES UNITY_BUILD OFF)
+
+if(WIN32
+   AND CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug"
+   AND ARROW_FLIGHT_TEST_LINKAGE STREQUAL "static")
+  if(TARGET arrow-flight-sql-odbc-test)
+    target_link_options(arrow-flight-sql-odbc-test PRIVATE "/FORCE:MULTIPLE")
+  endif()
+endif()