GH-47996: [C++] Update bundled AWS SDK for C++ to 1.11.691

[mkillik-wayspring]

Rationale for this change

Upgrade the version of the AWS SDK from 1.11.587 to 1.11.691 to include a fix where AWS Identity Center roles that contains an @ (at) symbol are not valid.

What changes are included in this PR?

Updated cpp/thirdparty/versions.txt

Are these changes tested?

The unit tests in the build passed without issue.

I also tested this by building the Python library and confirmed I'm able to list the contents of a bucket.

Are there any user-facing changes?

Updated version of the AWS SDK, but no changes to the codebase itself.

• GitHub Issue: [C++] Update bundled AWS SDK for C++ to 1.11.609 or later #47996

[github-actions]

Thanks for opening a pull request!

If this is not a minor PR. Could you open an issue for this pull request on GitHub? https://github.com/apache/arrow/issues/new/choose

Opening GitHub issues ahead of time contributes to the Openness of the Apache Arrow project.

Then could you also rename the pull request title in the following format?

GH-${GITHUB_ISSUE_ID}: [${COMPONENT}] ${SUMMARY}

or

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See also:

• Other pull requests
• Contribution Guidelines - Contributing Overview

[github-actions]

⚠️ GitHub issue #47996 has been automatically assigned in GitHub to PR creator.

[kou]

@github-actions crossbow submit -g cpp -g r

[github-actions]

Revision: 884eaf4

Submitted crossbow builds: ursacomputing/crossbow @ actions-caead07139

Task	Status
example-cpp-minimal-build-static
example-cpp-minimal-build-static-system-dependency
example-cpp-tutorial
r-binary-packages
r-recheck-most
test-build-cpp-fuzz
test-conda-cpp
test-conda-cpp-valgrind
test-cuda-cpp-ubuntu-22.04-cuda-11.7.1
test-debian-12-cpp-amd64
test-debian-12-cpp-i386
test-fedora-42-cpp
test-r-arrow-backwards-compatibility
test-r-depsource-bundled
test-r-depsource-system
test-r-dev-duckdb
test-r-devdocs
test-r-extra-packages
test-r-gcc-11
test-r-gcc-12
test-r-install-local
test-r-install-local-minsizerel
test-r-linux-as-cran
test-r-linux-rchk
test-r-linux-sanitizers
test-r-linux-valgrind
test-r-m1-san
test-r-macos-as-cran
test-r-minimal-build
test-r-offline-maximal
test-r-offline-minimal
test-r-rhub-debian-gcc-devel-lto-latest
test-r-rhub-ubuntu-gcc12-custom-ccache
test-r-rhub-ubuntu-release-latest
test-r-rocker-r-ver-latest
test-r-rstudio-r-base-4.1-focal
test-r-rstudio-r-base-4.2-focal
test-r-ubuntu-22.04
test-r-versions
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-20
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-bundled
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-emscripten
test-ubuntu-22.04-cpp-no-threading
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-bundled-offline
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-13-bundled
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-gcc-14
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-minimal-with-formats
test-ubuntu-24.04-cpp-thread-sanitizer