Add airflowctl tasks state command

[PrithviBadiga]

Adds airflowctl tasks state to the airflow-ctl CLI.

Updates:

• add airflowctl.ctl.commands.task_command.state
• call GET /api/v2/dags/{dag_id}/dagRuns/{dag_run_id}/taskInstances/{task_id}
• print the task instance state via AirflowConsole
• wire the command in cli_config.py
• add a focused unit test for the command output
• add the command to the airflowctl-tests command list

Verification:

• PYTHONPATH=/Users/prith/Desktop/Codex/airflow-66174/airflow-ctl/src /Users/prith/Desktop/Codex/airflow/.venv/bin/python -m pytest /Users/prith/Desktop/Codex/airflow-66174/airflow-ctl/tests/airflow_ctl/ctl/commands/test_task_command.py /Users/prith/Desktop/Codex/airflow-66174/airflow-ctl/tests/airflow_ctl/ctl/test_cli_config.py -q
• PYTHONPATH=/Users/prith/Desktop/Codex/airflow-66174/airflow-ctl/src /Users/prith/Desktop/Codex/airflow/.venv/bin/python -m ruff check /Users/prith/Desktop/Codex/airflow-66174/airflow-ctl/src/airflowctl/ctl/commands/task_command.py /Users/prith/Desktop/Codex/airflow-66174/airflow-ctl/src/airflowctl/ctl/cli_config.py /Users/prith/Desktop/Codex/airflow-66174/airflow-ctl/tests/airflow_ctl/ctl/commands/test_task_command.py /Users/prith/Desktop/Codex/airflow-66174/airflow-ctl-tests/tests/airflowctl_tests/test_airflowctl_commands.py

This closes: #66174

[hyungryuk]

@PrithviBadiga Hi! It looks like we've opened overlapping PRs for the same issue. It would be great if we could discuss our differences and see how to best combine our work.

[hyungryuk]

@PrithviBadiga Why don't you check out my PR and share your thoughts? Then, we could look into making a co-authored commit together.