Useful Commands for RaspberryPi

Here are some of the most common and useful commands during the installation process but also for routine maintenance.

Command	Description
command line	The command line allows a user to navigate the filesystem and run built-in programs or custom scripts. In Unix, the command line interface is called Bash, and the shell prompt is the $.
ifconfig	Stands for "interface configuration." It is used to view and change the configuration of the network interfaces on your system. More details here. ifconfig Returns: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 09:00:12:90:e3:e5 < your Pi/Server MAC address inet addr:192.168.1.29 < your Pi/Server IP address
cd	The shell command cd is used to move throughout the filesystem of a computer. cd some-directory-name
ls	The shell command ls is used to list the contents of a directory. If no arguments are given, it will list the contents of the current working directory. ls some-directory
mkdir	The shell command mkdir is used to make a new directory in the filesystem according to its argument. If a file path is given, the new directory will be placed at the end. Otherwise, it will create a new directory in the current working directory. mkdir some-directory-name
cp	cp stands for copy. This command is used to copy files or group of files or directory. It creates an exact image of a file on a disk with different file name. cp command require at least two filenames in its arguments. cp source-file dest-file
mv	The mv command moves files and directories from one directory to another, or renames a file or directory. If you move a file or directory to a new directory, it retains the base file name. When you move a file, all links to other files remain intact, except when you move it to a different file system. mv some-file some-destination
sudo	sudo stands for either "substitute user do" or "super user do" and it allows you to temporarily elevate your current user account to have root privileges. With sudo you continue to use your user account, but with root privilege. sudo some-command
sudo apt-get update	sudo apt-get update fetches the latest version of the package list from your distro's software repository, and any third-party repositories you may have configured. It will figure out what the latest version of each package and dependency is, but will not actually download or install any of those updates.
sudo apt-get upgrade	The sudo apt-get upgrade command downloads and installs the updates for each outdated package and dependency on your system. But just running sudo apt-get upgrade will not automatically upgrade the outdated packages – you'll still have a chance to review the changes and confirm that you want to perform the upgrades.
sudo reboot	sudo reboot reboots the system after system changes and updates
sudo apt-get install	This command is used to download the latest version of your desired application from an online software repository pointed to by your sources.list configuration file and and install that application on your machine. sudo apt-get install software-package
sudo nano	GNU nano is an easy to use command line text editor for Unix and Linux operating systems. It includes all the basic functionality you'd expect from a regular text editor, like syntax highlighting, multiple buffers, search and replace with regular expression support, spellchecking, UTF-8 encoding, and more. More details here sudo nano nano --version sudo apt install nano nano filename
crontab	cron is a Unix, solaris, Linux utility that allows tasks to be automatically run in the background at regular intervals by the cron daemon. crontab -e Edit crontab file, or create one if it doesn’t already exist. crontab -l List cronjobs, display crontab file contents. crontab -r Remove your crontab file.
sh	sh is a command language interpreter that executes commands read from a command line string, the standard input, or a specified file. sh setAllPermissions.sh
git pull	git-pull fetches from and integrates with another repository or a local branch. Some good info here. cd /home/pi/solar-protocol git pull
exit	exit Close the terminal window.

For a very complete command line reference by Operating System: https://ss64.com/