Replace black with ruff

.github/workflows/docs_dev.yml

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Set up Python
       uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
-        python-version: '3.10'
+        python-version: '3.12'
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         pip install -U --group testinfra

.github/workflows/docs_release.yml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
     - name: Set up Python
       uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
-        python-version: '3.10'
+        python-version: '3.12'
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         pip install -U --group testinfra

.github/workflows/main.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.10"
+          python-version: "3.12"
       - run: |
           pip install -U --group lint
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
@@ -37,10 +37,10 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo fmt --all -- --check
       - name: Clippy
         run: cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings
-      - name: Black Codestyle Format
-        run: black --check --diff rustworkx tests retworkx
+      - name: Ruff Codestyle Format
+        run: ruff format --check --diff rustworkx tests
       - name: Python Lint
-        run: ruff check rustworkx setup.py tests retworkx
+        run: ruff check rustworkx setup.py tests
       - name: Check stray release notes
         run: python tools/find_stray_release_notes.py
       - name: rustworkx-core Rust Tests
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         rust: [stable]
-        python-version: [3.9, "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
         platform: [
           { os: "macos-15-intel", python-architecture: "x64", rust-target: "x86_64-apple-darwin" },
           { os: "macOS-14", python-architecture: "arm64", rust-target: "aarch64-apple-darwin" },
@@ -70,20 +70,16 @@ jobs:
           { os: "windows-latest", python-architecture: "x64", rust-target: "x86_64-pc-windows-msvc" },
         ]
         include:
-          # Test ARM + minimal supported Rust version
+          # Test minimal supported Rust version
           - rust: 1.85.1
-            python-version: "3.10"
+            python-version: "3.12"
             platform: { os: "ubuntu-latest", python-architecture: "x64", rust-target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" }
             msrv: "MSRV"
-          # Test ARM + future versions of Rust and Python
+          # Test future versions of Rust and Python
           - rust: beta
-            python-version: "3.13" # upgrade to 3.14-dev when the release candidate is available
+            python-version: "3.14" # upgrade to 3.15-dev when the release candidate is available
             platform: { os: "ubuntu-latest", python-architecture: "x64", rust-target: "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" }
             msrv: "Beta"
-        # Exclude python 3.9 on arm64 until actions/setup-python#808 is resolved
-        exclude:
-          - platform: {os: "macOS-14", python-architecture: "arm64", rust-target: "aarch64-apple-darwin" }
-            python-version: 3.9
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@@ -112,7 +108,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: [3.9, "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@@ -137,7 +133,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.10"
+          python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Install Rust toolchain
         uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
         with:
@@ -185,7 +181,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
         uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.10"
+          python-version: "3.12"
       - name: Install Rust toolchain
         uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
       - name: Install binary deps

.github/workflows/wheels.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         name: Install Python
         with:
-          python-version: '3.10'
+          python-version: '3.12'
       - name: Install deps
         run: pip install -U setuptools-rust build
       - name: Build sdist
@@ -47,13 +47,13 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-13, macos-14, ubuntu-24.04-arm]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-15-intel, macos-14, ubuntu-24.04-arm]
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         name: Install Python
         with:
-          python-version: '3.10'
+          python-version: '3.12'
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
       - name: Install cibuildwheel
         run: |
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         name: Install Python
         with:
-          python-version: '3.10'
+          python-version: '3.12'
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
         env:
-          CIBW_SKIP: cp36-* cp37-* pp* *win32 *musl*
+          CIBW_SKIP: pp* cp314t* *win32 *musl*
           CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: ppc64le
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         name: Install Python
         with:
-          python-version: '3.10'
+          python-version: '3.12'
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
       - name: Set up QEMU
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
         env:
-          CIBW_SKIP: cp36-* cp37-* pp* *win32 *musl*
+          CIBW_SKIP: pp* cp314t* *win32 *musl*
           CIBW_ARCHS_LINUX: s390x
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         name: Install Python
         with:
-          python-version: '3.10'
+          python-version: '3.12'
           architecture: 'x86'
       - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
         with:
@@ -181,31 +181,8 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           python -m cibuildwheel --output-dir wheelhouse
         env:
-          CIBW_SKIP: cp36-* cp37-* pp* *amd64 *musl*
+          CIBW_SKIP: pp* cp314t* *amd64 *musl*
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
         with:
           path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
           name: shared-wheel-builds-win32
-  retworkx-compat-build:
-    name: Build retworkx
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: release
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-    needs: ["upload_shared_wheels"]
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        name: Install Python
-        with:
-          python-version: '3.10'
-      - name: Install deps
-        run: pip install -U setuptools-rust wheel build
-      - name: Build sdist
-        run: pushd retworkx && python setup.py bdist_wheel && popd
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: ./retworkx/dist/*
-          name: sdist-retworkx
-      - name: Publish package distributions to PyPI
-        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings
 
 Python is used primarily for tests and some small pieces of packaging
 and namespace configuration code in the actual library.
-[black](https://github.com/psf/black) and [flake8](https://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/) are used to enforce consistent
+[ruff](https://github.com/astral-sh/ruff) is used to enforce consistent
 style in the python code in the repository. You can run them via Nox using:
 
 ```bash
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ nox -e lint
 This will also run `cargo fmt` in check mode to ensure that you ran `cargo fmt`
 and will fail if the Rust code doesn't conform to the style rules.
 
-If black returns a code formatting error you can run `nox -e black` to automatically
+If ruff returns a code formatting error you can run `nox -e format` to automatically
 update the code formatting to conform to the style.
 
 ### Building documentation

Cargo.toml

@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ nalgebra-sparse = { version = "=0.10", features = ["io"] }
 
 [dependencies.pyo3]
 version = "0.26"
-features = ["abi3-py39", "extension-module", "hashbrown", "num-bigint", "num-complex", "indexmap", "py-clone"]
+features = ["abi3-py310", "extension-module", "hashbrown", "num-bigint", "num-complex", "indexmap", "py-clone"]
 
 [dependencies.sprs]
 version = "^0.11"

docs/source/tutorial/introduction.rst

@@ -399,9 +399,9 @@ operations on the graph. For example:
 
 .. jupyter-execute::
 
-    lolipop_graph = rx.generators.lollipop_graph(4, 3)
+    lollipop_graph = rx.generators.lollipop_graph(4, 3)
     mesh_graph = rx.generators.mesh_graph(4)
-    combined_graph = rx.cartesian_product(lolipop_graph, mesh_graph)[0]
+    combined_graph = rx.cartesian_product(lollipop_graph, mesh_graph)[0]
     mpl_draw(combined_graph)
 
 Additionally there are alternate constructors such as

noxfile.py

@@ -25,16 +25,16 @@ def base_test(session):
 def test(session):
     base_test(session)
 
-@nox.session(python=["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12"])
+@nox.session(python=["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"])
 def test_with_version(session):
     base_test(session)
 
 @nox.session(python=["3"])
 def lint(session):
-    black(session)
+    format(session)
     typos(session)
     session.install(*lint_deps)
-    session.run("ruff", "check", "rustworkx", "retworkx", "setup.py")
+    session.run("ruff", "check", "rustworkx", "setup.py")
     session.run("cargo", "fmt", "--all", "--", "--check", external=True)
     session.run("python", "tools/find_stray_release_notes.py")
 
@@ -71,10 +71,15 @@ def docs_clean(session):
     session.chdir("docs")
     session.run("rm", "-rf", "build", "source/apiref", external=True)
 
+@nox.session(python=["3"])
+def format(session):
+    session.install(*[d for d in lint_deps if "ruff" in d])
+    session.run("ruff", "format", "rustworkx", "tests", *session.posargs)
+
 @nox.session(python=["3"])
 def black(session):
-    session.install(*[d for d in lint_deps if "black" in d])
-    session.run("black", "rustworkx", "tests", "retworkx", *session.posargs)
+    # Legacy black formatting session is aliased
+    format(session)
 
 @nox.session(python=["3"])
 def typos(session):
@@ -87,4 +92,4 @@ def stubs(session):
     install_rustworkx(session)
     session.install(*stubs_deps)
     session.chdir("tests")
-    session.run("python", "-m", "mypy.stubtest", "--concise", "rustworkx")
+    session.run("python", "-m", "mypy.stubtest", "--concise", "rustworkx", "--allowlist", "stubs_allowlist.txt")

pyproject.toml

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 name = "rustworkx"
 version = "0.17.1"
 description = "A High-Performance Graph Library for Python"
-requires-python = ">=3.9"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 dependencies = [
     "numpy>=1.16.0,<3"
 ]
@@ -13,11 +13,11 @@ classifiers=[
     "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
     "Programming Language :: Rust",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14",
     "Operating System :: MacOS :: MacOS X",
     "Operating System :: Microsoft :: Windows",
     "Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux",
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ packages = ["rustworkx", "rustworkx.visualization"]
 include-package-data = true
 
 [tool.distutils.bdist_wheel]
-py-limited-api = "cp39"
+py-limited-api = "cp310"
 
 [[tool.setuptools-rust.ext-modules]]
 target = "rustworkx.rustworkx"
@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [dependency-groups]
 testinfra = [
-    "nox==2025.5.1",
-    "uv==0.7.8",
+    "nox==2025.10.16",
+    "uv==0.9.7",
 ]
 test = [
   "setuptools-rust",
@@ -76,13 +76,12 @@ test = [
   "stestr>=4.1",
 ]
 lint = [
-    "black~=24.8",
-    "ruff==0.11.9",
+    "ruff==0.14.3",
     "setuptools-rust",
-    "typos~=1.28",
+    "typos~=1.39",
 ]
 stubs = [
-    "mypy==1.11.2",
+    "mypy==1.17.1",
     "typing-extensions>=4.4",
 ]
 docs = [
@@ -100,15 +99,11 @@ docs = [
     "lxml_html_clean",
 ]
 releaseinfra = [
-    "cibuildwheel==2.23.2",
+    "cibuildwheel==3.2.1; python_version >= '3.11'",
 ]
 
-[tool.black]
-line-length = 100
-target-version = ['py39', 'py310', 'py311', 'py312', 'py313']
-
 [tool.ruff]
-line-length = 105 # more lenient than black due to long function signatures
+line-length = 100
 src = ["rustworkx", "setup.py", "tests"]
 lint.select = [
     "E",   # pycodestyle
@@ -117,22 +112,31 @@ lint.select = [
     "PYI", # flake8-pyi
     "Q",   # flake8-quotes
 ]
-target-version = "py39"
+target-version = "py310"
 extend-exclude = ["doc"]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
 "rustworkx/__init__.py" = ["F405", "F403"]
 "*.pyi" = ["F403", "F405", "PYI001", "PYI002"]
 
+[tool.ruff.lint.pycodestyle]
+max-line-length = 105 #  lint has a larger limit than the formatter because of long signatures
+
+[tool.ruff.format]
+quote-style = "double"
+indent-style = "space"
+docstring-code-format = true
+
 [tool.typos.default]
 extend-ignore-words-re = [
   "[Ss]toer",
+  "[Bb]rin",
 ]
 
 [tool.cibuildwheel]
 manylinux-x86_64-image = "manylinux2014"
 manylinux-i686-image = "manylinux2014"
-skip = "pp* cp36-* cp37-* cp38-* *win32 *musllinux*i686"
+skip = "pp* cp314t* *win32 *musllinux*i686"
 test-requires = "networkx"
 test-command = "python -m unittest discover {project}/tests"
 before-build = "pip install -U setuptools-rust"