IQP Circuit and Resource Operator

[comp-phys-marc]

Context: We would like to support Joseph Bowles' paper "train on classical, deploy ono quantum" on Instantaneous Quantum Polynomial (IQP) circuits by adding supporting functionality to PennyLane.

Description of the Change: Adds a template that builds an IQP circuit and a ResourceOperator that allows us to estimate the resources required to run an IQP circuit in theory.

Benefits: We are set up to do the second part of the workflow proposed by Joseph: deploy on quantum (once the QC capacity becomes available). We can also estimate exactly what the costs associated would be in terms of gate counts, wires, etc.

Possible Drawbacks: Does not implement the analytical expectation value, maximum mean discrepancy calculations presented in the paper. These will be included in a follow-up PR.

Related ShortCut Stories: [sc-105538] [sc-105539]

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 99.37%. Comparing base (48090d2) to head (2a2507e).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master    #8748   +/-   ##
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  Coverage   99.37%   99.37%           
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  Files         589      590    +1     
  Lines       63237    63297   +60     
=======================================
+ Hits        62842    62902   +60     
  Misses        395      395           

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[gabrielasd]

Thanks a lot @comp-phys-marc for implementing these changes!! 🚀
I am ready to approve them after one final request.
Please can you add the IQP template to the templates.rst file? I think it can go under the Other subroutines section there

[comp-phys-marc]

Thanks a lot @comp-phys-marc for implementing these changes!! 🚀 I am ready to approve them after one final request. Please can you add the IQP template to the templates.rst file? I think it can go under the Other subroutines section there

Done in 27fb14c

[gabrielasd]

Looks good. Thank you!
Please could you wait until PR #8766 is merged to merge these changes? Its to minimize merge conflicts

[gabrielasd]

Oh, I missed this,
@comp-phys-marc there seems to be something strange with the rendering of specs's output in the example for the resource template:

could you check this?

[comp-phys-marc]

Oh, I missed this, @comp-phys-marc there seems to be something strange with the rendering of specs's output in the example for the resource template:

could you check this?

Thanks for catching. Fixed it.