ci: cache pre-commit environment between PR runs

[romanc]

Description

This PR add support for caching the pre-commit environment in GHA linting workflows. GitHub imposes the following rules on cache sharing. Caches can be restored by a workflow if

1. they were created by a previous run of the workflow
2. they were created by the target branch of this PR

We thus add an explicit cache creation workflow that runs when ever we merge into develop. This PR will create caches that can be reused (as intended by 2) above) by any PR targeting the develop branch.

How Has This Been Tested?

This is a propagation of PR NOAA-GFDL/NDSL#202 in NDSL, which works as advertised. I'll double check after the first run that this also works as intended in this repository. If not, I'll do follow-up PRs in a timely manner.

Checklist:

• My code follows the style guidelines of this project
• I have performed a self-review of my own code
• I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• I have made corresponding changes to the documentation: N/A
• My changes generate no new warnings
• Any dependent changes have been merged and published in downstream modules: N/A
• New check tests, if applicable, are included: N/A

[romanc]

@fmalatino this is a similar PR as in other repos. Can't tag you as a reviewer, so here's a manual ping 😉