feat(db): add spans_outbox table schema

[koxudaxi]

TL;DR

Added a spans outbox table to implement the Transactional Outbox pattern for reliable span synchronization to ClickHouse.

What changed?

• Created a new spansOutbox schema with a corresponding table definition that tracks spans to be synced to ClickHouse
• Added an outboxStatusEnum to track the sync state of spans (pending, processing, completed, failed)
• Implemented proper indexing and constraints for efficient querying and idempotency
• Added tests for the new schema to verify table name and column structure
• Fixed ClickHouse client type handling to properly handle JSON responses
• Updated schema exports to include the new spansOutbox schema

How to test?

1. Run the schema tests: vitest cloud/db/schema/spansOutbox.test.ts
2. Verify the table is created during migrations
3. Test the ClickHouse client with the updated type handling

Why make this change?

This implements the Transactional Outbox pattern to ensure reliable, eventually consistent data synchronization between PostgreSQL and ClickHouse. The pattern guarantees that spans created in PostgreSQL will eventually be synced to ClickHouse, even in the presence of failures or network issues. This approach provides:

• Atomic transactions (span + outbox entry created together)
• Retry capability with error tracking
• Idempotent operations through unique constraints
• Efficient polling through specialized indexes
• Visibility into sync status for monitoring and debugging

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Status	Name	Latest Commit	Updated (UTC)
✅ Deployment successful! View logs	v2-docs	a18be51	Jan 09 2026, 03:47 AM

[koxudaxi]

• feat(workers): implement outbox processor for ClickHouse sync #1811 : 2 dependent PRs (#1812 , #1813 )
• feat(db): write to outbox on span insertion #1810
• feat(db): add spans_outbox table schema #1809 👈 (View in Graphite)
• feat(clickhouse): implement ClickHouse client service #1808
• feat(docker): add ClickHouse service for local development #1807 : 1 other dependent PR (#1819 )
• feat(clickhouse): add clickhouse migrations and migrate tooling #1849
• v2

This stack of pull requests is managed by Graphite. Learn more about stacking.

[willbakst]

Merge activity

• Jan 9, 1:29 AM UTC: A user started a stack merge that includes this pull request via Graphite.
• Jan 9, 1:29 AM UTC: Graphite couldn't merge this pull request because a downstack PR feat(clickhouse): add clickhouse migrations and migrate tooling #1849 failed to merge.
• Jan 9, 1:40 AM UTC: A user started a stack merge that includes this pull request via Graphite.
• Jan 9, 1:41 AM UTC: Graphite couldn't merge this pull request because a downstack PR feat(clickhouse): add clickhouse migrations and migrate tooling #1849 failed to merge.
• Jan 9, 3:37 AM UTC: @willbakst merged this pull request with Graphite.