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V73: Improved root zone expansion #374

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1ba05fe
ENH: improved root zone expansion
Jan 23, 2026
f722013
BUG: div by integer
mbechtold Jan 26, 2026
da72708
BUG: For consistency in compartment thickness between Fortran and Pascal
mbechtold Jan 26, 2026
8f21d07
STY: indentation
mbechtold Jan 28, 2026
fddb58d
STY: small value root zone discretization consistency
mbechtold Jan 28, 2026
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19 changes: 11 additions & 8 deletions src/global.f90
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -6606,13 +6606,16 @@ end subroutine LoadInitialConditions
subroutine AdjustSizeCompartments(CropZx)
real(dp), intent(in) :: CropZx

real(dp) :: CropZx_eff
integer(int32) :: i , compi
real(dp) :: TotDepthC, fAdd
integer(int8) :: PrevNrComp
real(dp), dimension(max_No_Compartments) :: PrevThickComp, &
PrevVolPrComp, &
PrevECdSComp

! esnures consistency for adjusted compartment sizes between Pascal and Fortran
CropZx_eff = CropZx + 0.000001_dp
! 1. Save intial soil water profile (required when initial soil
! water profile is NOT reset at start simulation - see 7.)
PrevNrComp = int(GetNrCompartments(), kind=int8)
Expand All @@ -6631,24 +6634,24 @@ subroutine AdjustSizeCompartments(CropZx)
if (GetNrCompartments() < 12) then
loop: do
call SetNrCompartments(GetNrCompartments() + 1)
if ((CropZx - TotDepthC) > GetSimulParam_CompDefThick()) then
if ((CropZx_eff - TotDepthC) > GetSimulParam_CompDefThick()) then
call SetCompartment_Thickness(GetNrCompartments(), &
GetSimulParam_CompDefThick())
else
call SetCompartment_Thickness(GetNrCompartments(), &
CropZx - TotDepthC)
CropZx_eff - TotDepthC)
end if
TotDepthC = TotDepthC &
+ GetCompartment_Thickness(GetNrCompartments())
if ((GetNrCompartments() == max_No_compartments) &
.or. ((TotDepthC + 0.00001) >= CropZx)) exit loop
.or. ((TotDepthC + 0.00001) >= CropZx_eff)) exit loop
end do loop
end if

! 4. Adjust size of compartments (if total depth of compartments < rooting depth)
if ((TotDepthC + 0.00001_dp) < CropZx) then
if ((TotDepthC + 0.00001_dp) < CropZx_eff) then
call SetNrCompartments(12)
fAdd = (CropZx/0.1_dp - 12._dp)/78._dp
fAdd = (CropZx_eff/0.1_dp - 12._dp)/78._dp
do i = 1, 12
call SetCompartment_Thickness(i, 0.1 * (1._dp + i*fAdd))
call SetCompartment_Thickness(i, 0.05 &
Expand All @@ -6659,16 +6662,16 @@ subroutine AdjustSizeCompartments(CropZx)
do i = 1, GetNrCompartments()
TotDepthC = TotDepthC + GetCompartment_Thickness(i)
end do
if (TotDepthC < CropZx) then
if (TotDepthC < CropZx_eff) then
loop2: do
call SetCompartment_Thickness(12, &
GetCompartment_Thickness(12) &
+ 0.05_dp)
TotDepthC = TotDepthC + 0.05_dp
if (TotDepthC >= CropZx) exit loop2
if (TotDepthC >= CropZx_eff) exit loop2
end do loop2
else
do while ((TotDepthC - 0.04999999_dp) >= CropZx)
do while ((TotDepthC - 0.04999999_dp) >= CropZx_eff)
call SetCompartment_Thickness(12, &
GetCompartment_Thickness(12) &
- 0.05_dp)
Expand Down
134 changes: 122 additions & 12 deletions src/run.f90
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Expand Up @@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ module ac_run
GetSaltInfiltr, &
GetSimulation_FromDayNr, &
GetSimulation_IrriECw, &
GetSimulParam_RootPercentZmin, &
GetSimulation_SalinityConsidered, &
GetSimulation_Storage_Btotal, &
GetSimulation_SumGDD, &
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -599,6 +600,8 @@ module ac_run
real(dp) :: BprevSum, YprevSum, SumGDDcuts, HItimesBEF
real(dp) :: ScorAT1, ScorAT2, HItimesAT1, HItimesAT2, HItimesAT
real(dp) :: alfaHI, alfaHIAdj
real(dp) :: tDaysZmin ! time to reach Zmin (Days)
real(dp) :: tGDDZmin ! time to reach Zmin (GDDays)

!! DelayedGermination
integer(int32) :: NextSimFromDayNr !! the Simulation.FromDayNr for next run if delayed germination and KeepSWC
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -5328,6 +5331,11 @@ subroutine InitializeSimulationRunPart2()
GetCrop_RootShape(),&
GetCrop_ModeCycle()))
end if
! 16.3 Time to reach Zmin
call CalculateTimeToReachZmin(GetCrop_RootMin(),GetCrop_RootMax(),GetCrop_RootShape(), &
GetCrop_DaysToGermination(),GetCrop_DaysToMaxRooting(), &
GetCrop_GDDaysToGermination(),GetCrop_GDDaysToMaxRooting(), &
GetCrop_ModeCycle(),tDaysZmin,tGDDZmin)

! 17. Multiple cuttings
call SetNrCut(0)
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -6509,6 +6517,116 @@ subroutine GetPotValSF(DAP, SumGDDAdjCC, PotValSF)
PotValSF = 100._dp * (1._dp/GetCCxCropWeedsNoSFstress()) * PotValSF
end subroutine GetPotValSF


subroutine CalculateTimeToReachZmin(ZMin, ZMax, RootShape, L0, LZmax, GGDL0, GDDLZmax, &
TheModeCycle, tDaysZmin, tGDDZmin)
real(dp), intent(in) :: ZMin
real(dp), intent(in) :: ZMax
integer(int8), intent(in) :: RootShape
integer(int32), intent(in) :: L0
integer(int32), intent(in) :: LZmax
integer(int32), intent(in) :: GGDL0
integer(int32), intent(in) :: GDDLZmax
integer(intEnum), intent(in) :: TheModeCycle
real(dp), intent(inout) :: tDaysZmin
real(dp), intent(inout) :: tGDDZmin

real(dp) :: Zini, Zfunction

tDaysZmin = real(L0, kind=dp)
tGDDZmin = real(GGDL0, kind=dp)

if ((GetSimulParam_RootPercentZmin() < 100) .and. (ZMin < ZMax)) then
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@gdelannoy gdelannoy Jan 27, 2026

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100._dp? Not sure anymore if that was needed for >, < operations.

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@lbusschaert lbusschaert Jan 27, 2026

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It's best if we put dp I think (and also consistent with the rest of the code).

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@mbechtold mbechtold Jan 28, 2026

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Would say so too. No harm.

Zini = ZMin * (real(GetSimulParam_RootPercentZmin(), kind=dp)/100._dp)

Zfunction = exp( (real(RootShape, kind=dp)/10._dp) * &
log( (ZMin - Zini) / (ZMax - Zini) ) )

select case (TheModeCycle)
case (modeCycle_GDDays)
if (GDDLZmax > (GGDL0/2._dp)) then
tGDDZmin = Zfunction * real((GDDLZmax - (GGDL0/2._dp)), kind=dp) + &
real((GGDL0/2._dp), kind=dp)
end if
case default
if (LZmax > (L0/2._dp)) then
tDaysZmin = Zfunction * real((LZmax - (L0/2._dp)), kind=dp) + &
real((L0/2._dp), kind=dp)
end if
end select
end if
end subroutine CalculateTimeToReachZmin


subroutine CalculateRootingDepth(tDaysZmin, tGDDZmin, ZiPrev, GDDayi, RootingDepth)
real(dp), intent(in) :: tDaysZmin
real(dp), intent(in) :: tGDDZmin
real(dp), intent(in) :: ZiPrev
real(dp), intent(in) :: GDDayi
real(dp), intent(inout) :: RootingDepth

real(dp) :: tCalDayReal, tCalGDD, CalSumGDDPrev
real(dp) :: Zini, Zfunction
integer(int32) :: tCalDay
integer(int32) :: tCalDayNow

! initialize
tCalDayNow = GetDayNri() - GetCrop_Day1() + 1 ! actual time (calendar day)
tCalDay = tCalDayNow
tCalGDD = GetSimulation_SumGDD() ! actual time (sum of GDD)
CalSumGDDPrev = GetSumGDDPrev() ! sum of GDD at previous day

! Adjust time after planting (tCalDay OR tCalGDD) to simulate root zone expansion
Zini = GetCrop_RootMin() * (real(GetSimulParam_RootPercentZmin(), kind=dp)/100._dp)

if ((GetCrop_RootMin() < GetCrop_RootMax()) .and. (ZiPrev > Zini)) then
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@lbusschaert lbusschaert Jan 27, 2026

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Just wondering, is it even possible to have RootMin>RootMax? Shouldn't the code raise an error if it's defined like that in the crop parameters? Now if it does not enter the if statement, nothing happens

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@mbechtold mbechtold Jan 28, 2026

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It's probably there to avoid that this part is executed when RootMin == RootMax which then causes errors. True that RootMin should never be higher than RootMax, however, I don't think the current AquaCrop standalone catches non-meaningful parameter combinations elsewhere in the code. The GUI maybe.

! valid for calendar and GDD time
Zfunction = exp( (real(GetCrop_RootShape(), kind=dp)/10._dp) * &
log( (ZiPrev - Zini) / (GetCrop_RootMax() - Zini) ) )

select case (GetCrop_ModeCycle())
case (modeCycle_GDDays)
! growing degree days
if (GetSimulation_SumGDD() > tGDDZmin) then
! root zone expansion can exceed Zmin
! time to simulate root zone expansion is given by Zr of previous day (ZiPrev)
CalSumGDDPrev = Zfunction * &
real((GetCrop_GDDaysToMaxRooting() - (GetCrop_GDDaysToGermination()/2._dp)), kind=dp) + &
real((GetCrop_GDDaysToGermination()/2._dp), kind=dp)

tCalGDD = CalSumGDDPrev + GDDayi ! add GDD of today to get adjusted sum GDD
if (tCalGDD > GetSimulation_SumGDD()) then
tCalGDD = GetSimulation_SumGDD()
end if
end if

case default
! calendar days
if (real(tCalDayNow, kind=dp) > tDaysZmin) then
! root zone expansion can exceed Zmin
! time to simulate root zone expansion is given by Zr of previous day (ZiPrev)
tCalDayReal = Zfunction * &
real((GetCrop_DaysToMaxRooting() - (GetCrop_DaysToGermination()/2._dp)), kind=dp) + &
real((GetCrop_DaysToGermination()/2._dp), kind=dp)

tCalDay = roundc(tCalDayReal, mold=1_int32) + 1 ! integer value + 1 day
if (tCalDay > tCalDayNow) tCalDay = tCalDayNow
end if
end select
end if
! calculate root zone expansion with time after planting given by Zr of previous day (ZiPrev)
RootingDepth = AdjustedRootingDepth( &
GetPlotVarCrop_ActVal(), GetPlotVarCrop_PotVal(), GetTpot(), GetTact(), GetStressLeaf(), &
GetStressSenescence(), tCalDay, GetCrop_DaysToGermination(), GetCrop_DaysToMaxRooting(), GetCrop_DaysToHarvest(), &
GetCrop_GDDaysToGermination(), GetCrop_GDDaysToMaxRooting(), GetCrop_GDDaysToHarvest(), &
CalSumGDDPrev, tCalGDD, &
GetCrop_RootMin(), GetCrop_RootMax(), ZiPrev, GetCrop_RootShape(), &
GetCrop_ModeCycle() )

if (RootingDepth < ZiPrev) RootingDepth = ZiPrev
end subroutine CalculateRootingDepth


!! ===END Subroutines and functions for AdvanceOneTimeStep ===


Expand Down Expand Up @@ -6792,6 +6910,7 @@ subroutine AdvanceOneTimeStep(WPi, HarvestNow)
ScorAT1_temp, ScorAT2_temp, HItimesAT1_temp, &
HItimesAT2_temp, HItimesAT_temp, alfaHI_temp, &
alfaHIAdj_temp, TESTVAL
real(dp) :: RootingDepth_temp
logical :: WaterTableInProfile_temp, NoMoreCrop_temp

! 1. Get ETo
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -6955,18 +7074,9 @@ subroutine AdvanceOneTimeStep(WPi, HarvestNow)
if (((GetDayNri()-GetSimulation_DelayedDays()) >= GetCrop_Day1()) .and. &
((GetDayNri()-GetSimulation_DelayedDays()) <= GetCrop_DayN())) then
! rooting depth at DAP (at Crop.Day1, DAP = 1)
call SetRootingDepth(AdjustedRootingDepth(GetPlotVarCrop_ActVal(), &
GetPlotVarCrop_PotVal(), GetTpot(), GetTact(), &
GetStressLeaf(), GetStressSenescence(), &
(GetDayNri()-GetCrop_Day1()+1), &
GetCrop_DaysToGermination(), &
GetCrop_DaysToMaxRooting(), GetCrop_DaysToHarvest(), &
GetCrop_GDDaysToGermination(), &
GetCrop_GDDaysToMaxRooting(), &
GetCrop_GDDaysToHarvest(), GetSumGDDPrev(), &
(GetSimulation_SumGDD()), GetCrop_RootMin(), &
GetCrop_RootMax(), GetZiprev(), GetCrop_RootShape(), &
GetCrop_ModeCycle()))
call CalculateRootingDepth(tDaysZmin,tGDDZmin,&
GetZiPrev(),GetGDDayi(),RootingDepth_temp)
call SetRootingDepth(RootingDepth_temp)
call SetZiprev(GetRootingDepth())
! IN CASE rootzone drops below groundwate table
if ((GetZiAqua() >= 0._dp) .and. (GetRootingDepth() > &
Expand Down