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# topical: 元组学习 | ||
# author: Liu Xiaoxia | ||
# time: 2020.07.03 | ||
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#创建一个元组(tuple是一个函数名,不能作为变量名) | ||
tuple1 = (1, 5, 4, 8, 7) | ||
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#访问元组与访问列表类似,可用下标 | ||
print(tuple1[2]) | ||
print(tuple1[3:]) | ||
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#拷贝元组 | ||
tmp = tuple1[:] | ||
print(tmp) | ||
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#元组不可以被修改 | ||
#tuple1[2] = 9 | ||
#会报错 | ||
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#元组的标识符:逗号‘,’是关键,下面的temp仍然是元组 | ||
temp = 1, 5, 6, 10 | ||
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#元组的乘法 | ||
tuple2 = 5 * (2, ) | ||
print(tuple2) | ||
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#增加元素(逗号和括号缺一不可) | ||
tuple1 = tuple1[:2] + ("hahaha",) + tuple1[2:] | ||
print(tuple1) | ||
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#删除整个元组 | ||
del tuple2 | ||
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#元组相关操作符 | ||
#拼接+ 重复* 关系操作符< > = 逻辑操作符not and or 成员操作符in和not in |
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# topical: 字符串 | ||
# author: Liu Xiaoxia | ||
# time: 2020.07.03 | ||
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# 字符串也可以切片 | ||
# 比较操作符 逻辑操作符 成员操作符都可用 | ||
# 和列表、元组并列,都是序列 | ||
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# 首字符大写 | ||
str1 = "xiaoxie" | ||
str1 = str1.capitalize() | ||
print(str1) | ||
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# 字符串全部小写 | ||
str1 = "DA Xie He XIAO XIe" | ||
str1 = str1.casefold() | ||
print(str1) | ||
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# 转换字符串中所有大写字符为小写 | ||
str1 = "DA Xie He XIAO XIe" | ||
str1 = str1.lower() | ||
print(str1) | ||
# 转换字符串中所有小写字符为大写 | ||
str1 = "da Xie He Xiao XIe" | ||
str1 = str1.upper() | ||
print(str1) | ||
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# 翻转字符串中的大小写 | ||
str1 = 'Hello WORld' | ||
str2 = str1.swapcase() | ||
print(str2) | ||
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# 字符串居中,使用空格填充至给定长度 | ||
str1 = str1.center(30) | ||
print(str1) | ||
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# 返回一个左对齐的字符串,并用空格填充至长度为width | ||
str2 = str1.ljust(20) | ||
print(str2) | ||
# 返回一个右对齐的字符串,并用空格填充至长度为width | ||
str2 = str1.rjust(20) | ||
print(str2) | ||
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# 返回长度为width的字符串,原字符串右对齐,前边用0填充 | ||
str2 = str1.zfill(30) | ||
print(str2) | ||
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# 返回子字符串sub在字符串中出现的次数,start和end表示范围 | ||
# count(sub[,start [,end]]) | ||
num = str1.count('xie') | ||
print(num) | ||
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# 判断字符串是否以sub子字符串结束 | ||
# endswith(sub[,start [,end]]) | ||
flag = str1.endswith('haha') | ||
print(flag) | ||
# 判断字符串是否以prefix子字符串开始 | ||
# startwith(prefix[,start [,end]]) | ||
flag = str1.startswith('haha') | ||
print(flag) | ||
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# 将字符串中的tab符号(\t)转换为空格,默认空格数tabsize = 8 | ||
# expandtabs([tabsize=8]) | ||
str1 = 'shu\tjia\tlai\tla!' | ||
str1 = str1.expandtabs() | ||
print(str1) | ||
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# 检测sub是否包含在字符串中,有则返回索引值,否则返回-1 | ||
# find(sub[,start [,end]]) | ||
num = str1.find('jia') | ||
print(num) | ||
# rfind(sub[,start [,end]]) | ||
# 类似find,不过是从右边开始查找 | ||
num = str1.rfind('jia') | ||
print(num) | ||
# index(sub[,start [,end]]) | ||
# 和find一样,不过,如果sub不在字符串中会产生一个异常 | ||
num = str1.index('la') | ||
print(num) | ||
# rindex(sub[,start [,end]]) | ||
# 和index一样,不过是从右边开始 | ||
num = str1.rindex('la') | ||
print(num) | ||
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# 检测字符串中是否包含至少一个字符,且所有的字符都是字母或者数字,是则返回True,否则False | ||
flag = str1.isalnum() | ||
print(flag) | ||
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# 字符串中至少有一个字符且所有字符都是字母则返回True,否则False | ||
flag = str1.isalpha() | ||
print(flag) | ||
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# 判断字符串只包含十进制数字则返回True,否则返回False | ||
flag = str1.isdecimal() | ||
print(flag) | ||
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# 判断字符串只包含数字则返回True,否则返回False | ||
flag = str1.isdigit() | ||
print(flag) | ||
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# 判断字符串中只包含数字字符,则返回True,否则返回False | ||
flag = str1.isnumeric() | ||
print(flag) | ||
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# 字符串中至少包含一个区分大小写的字符,且这些字符都是小写,则返回True,否则False | ||
flag = str1.islower() | ||
print(flag) | ||
str2 = '哈哈哈' | ||
flag = str2.islower() | ||
print(flag) | ||
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# 字符串中至少包含一个区分大小写的字符,且这些字符都是大写,则返回True,否则False | ||
flag = str1.isupper() | ||
print(flag) | ||
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# 字符串只包含空格,则返回True,否则返回False | ||
flag = str1.isspace() | ||
print(flag) | ||
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# 判断字符串标题化(所有单词有且仅有首字符大写),则返回True,否则False | ||
flag = str1.istitle() | ||
print(flag) | ||
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# 返回标题化的字符串 | ||
str2 = str1.title() | ||
print(str2) | ||
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# 以字符串作为分隔符,插入到sub中所有的字符之间 | ||
str2 = str1.join('哈哈哈哈哈') | ||
print(str2) | ||
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# 删除字符串左右的所有空格,chars参数可以指定删除的字符 | ||
# strip([chars]) | ||
str1 = ' aaabbbaaa ' | ||
str2 = str1.strip('a') | ||
print(str2) | ||
# 去掉字符串左边所有空格 | ||
str1 = ' just a test' | ||
str1 = str1.lstrip() | ||
print(str1) | ||
# 去掉字符串末尾所有空格 | ||
str1 = 'just a test ' | ||
str1 = str1.rstrip() | ||
print(str1) | ||
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# 找到子字符串sub,把字符串分成一个3元组(pre_sub, sub, fol_sub) | ||
# 如果字符串中不包含sub则返回('源字符串', '', '') | ||
str2 = str1.partition('te') | ||
print(str2) | ||
# rpartition(sub) | ||
# 类似patition,从右边开始查找 | ||
str2 = str1.rpartition('te') | ||
print(str2) | ||
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# 把字符串中的old子字符串替换成new子字符串,count指定替换次数 | ||
# replace(old, new[count]) | ||
str2 = str1.replace('test', 'joke') | ||
print(str2) | ||
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# 不带参数默认是以空格作为分隔符切片字符串 | ||
# 如果maxsplit参数有设置,则仅分隔maxsplit个字符串,返回切片后的子字符串拼接的列表 | ||
# split(sep = None, maxsplit = -1) | ||
list1 = str1.split() | ||
print(list1) | ||
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# 按照'\n'分隔,返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表 | ||
# 如果keepends参数指定,则返回前keepends行 | ||
# splitlines(([keepends])) | ||
str1 = ('just\na\ntest') | ||
str2 = str1.splitlines() | ||
print(str2) | ||
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# 根据table的规则(可以由str.maketrans('a', 'b')定制)转换字符串中的字符 | ||
# translate(table) | ||
str1 = 'just a test' | ||
str2 = str1.translate(str.maketrans('s', 'b')) | ||
print(str2) | ||
print(str.maketrans('s', 'b')) |