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# x86工控机改造为NAS系统折腾记录 | ||
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## 项目背景 | ||
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在闲鱼上看到了一块的J1900 ITX板子,双千兆网口,自带大内存和固态,还送电源,只要200就能拿下! | ||
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<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/01Petard/imageURL@main/img/202412212158044.png" alt="image-20241221215854893" style="zoom:50%;" /> | ||
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于是毫不犹豫买了,买来一开始是装了iStoreOS的,但是我想着x86这么好的扩展,肯定得玩NAS了,于是就打算装个飞牛OS,拿来当NAS,而且手头有好几块机械盘(乐) | ||
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<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/01Petard/imageURL@main/img/202412212155377.png" alt="image-20241221215503064" style="zoom:50%;" /> | ||
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<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/01Petard/imageURL@main/img/202412212154026.png" alt="image-20241221215436715" style="zoom:33%;" /> | ||
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## 技术路线 | ||
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其实这种双网口的机器最好还是做成软路由,但是我已经选择小型机器当软路由了嘛。。。再加上x86板子这么好的扩展性,不接点外围设备可惜了,所以就打算搞成NAS! | ||
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NAS系统的安装跟Windows差不多,这里选择了广受好评的**飞牛OS**,这个系统基于debian,是滚动式更新的,社区比较活跃,也有对应的手机管理app。 | ||
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<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/01Petard/imageURL@main/img/202412211805225.png" alt="image-20241221180511670" style="zoom: 40%;" /> | ||
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## 安装过程 | ||
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简略说下: | ||
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1. 准备一个容量至少16g的U盘,我用了一个USB 2.0的U盘 | ||
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2. 去[飞牛官网](https://fnnas.com/)下载系统镜像 | ||
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3. 用烧录软件将镜像写入引导U盘,我这里用了[balenaEtcher](https://etcher.balena.io/),个人感觉比[rufus](https://github.com/pbatard/rufus)好用 | ||
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4. 插入U盘,主板通电,主板连接显示器和键盘(鼠标可以不需要),进入bios,设置U盘作为UEFI引导 | ||
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5. 根据[飞牛官网教程](https://help.fnnas.com/articles/fnosV1/start/install-os.md)逐步走,比较简单,小白都可以装好 | ||
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<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/01Petard/imageURL@main/img/202412212151243.jpg" alt="微信图片_20241221202643" style="zoom:40%;" /> | ||
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<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/01Petard/imageURL@main/img/202412212150296.jpg" alt="微信图片_20241221202640" style="zoom: 40%;" /> | ||
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6. 根据ip和端口,就进入围网页管理页面了,系统安装完成! | ||
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<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/01Petard/imageURL@main/img/202412211107465.png" alt="image-20241221110739612" style="zoom: 25%;" /> | ||
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## 问题修复 | ||
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**系统无法识别到机械硬盘** | ||
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当然,在装了系统就有问题,我用了`sata + ph 2.0/xh 2.5`来接入机械盘,如下图所示: | ||
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<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/01Petard/imageURL@main/img/202412212151496.png" alt="image-20241221215139382" style="zoom: 40%;" /> | ||
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但是飞牛系统一直无法识别到机械盘,尽管机械盘已经有工作声了。我ssh切进debian系统,用`df -h`读取不到4T的机械盘,之后看了飞牛论坛的帖子,一度以为是硬盘格式问题,遂连接Windows将其修改为`ext4`格式,但依然无济于事。 | ||
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> [外置硬盘插上未挂载无法识别文件系统 - BUG反馈 飞牛私有云论坛 fnOS](https://club.fnnas.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=8806&highlight=) | ||
> | ||
> <img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/01Petard/imageURL@main/img/202412211208975.png" alt="image-20241221120825935" style="zoom: 67%;" /> | ||
最后捣鼓了好一会儿,发现是供电问题,3.5寸机械盘的工作电压是12V,此处的`ph 2.0`或`xh 2.54`这种针脚供电太弱,电压上不去,无法提供机械硬盘需要的工作电压。于是我就考虑了下面这种DC供电方案,如下图所示: | ||
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<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/01Petard/imageURL@main/img/202412212152231.png" alt="image-20241221215218144" style="zoom: 40%;" /> | ||
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最后也是功夫不负有心人,成功读取了出来了,这样就可以愉快地存电影了(坏笑)! | ||
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这里浅浅地晒一下本人的珍藏容量(挺胸): | ||
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<img src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/01Petard/imageURL@main/img/202412212205193.png" alt="PixPin_2024-12-21_18-06-13" style="zoom:35%;" /> | ||
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## 改进方案 | ||
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如果如果不想用独立电源的话,选择机械硬盘方案还是需要保证电源能提供多口DC输出,那如果就是嫌弃机械了怎么办呢? | ||
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其实还是可以的,我们可以选择**全闪**方案! | ||
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全闪方案用大容量的sata或msata盘,现在这类固态1T的价格大约是250~280,如果数据不多的话选择这种其实比机械方案省事多了 | ||
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而机械方案的存储成本是1T大约50,所以就看具体考量吧! | ||
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