Merge pull request #16 from xchux/feature/704-binary-search

✨ (Solution): Problem 704. Binary Search

Author: xchux

solutions/704. Binary Search/README.md

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+---
+comments: true
+difficulty: easy
+# Follow `Topics` tags
+tags:
+    - Array
+    - Binary Search
+---
+
+# [704. Binary Search](https://leetcode.com/problems/binary-search/description/)
+
+## Description
+
+You are given a sorted array of integers `nums` (in ascending order) and an integer `target`.
+Write a function to find the `target` in the array. If it exists, return its index; otherwise, return `-1`.
+
+Your solution must have a time complexity of **O(log n)**.
+
+**Example 1:**
+```
+Input: nums = [-1,1,4,6,9,15], target = 9
+Output: 4
+Explanation: 9 exists in nums and its index is 4
+```
+
+**Example 2:**
+```
+Input: nums = [-1,1,4,6,9,15], target = 3
+Output: -1
+Explanation: 3 does not exist in nums so return -1
+```
+
+**Constraints:**
+
+* `1 <= nums.length <= 10^4`
+* `-10^4 < nums[i], target < 10^4`
+* All the integers in `nums` are unique.
+* `nums` is sorted in ascending order.
+
+## Solution
+
+
+```java
+class Solution {
+    public int search(int[] nums, int target) {
+        int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
+        while (left <= right) {
+            int mid = (left + right) / 2;
+            if (nums[mid] == target) {
+                return mid;
+            } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
+                left = mid + 1;
+            } else {
+                right = mid - 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+```
+
+```python
+class Solution:
+    def search(self, nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
+        left, right = 0, len(nums) - 1
+        while left <= right:
+            mid = (left + right) // 2
+            if nums[mid] == target:
+                return mid
+            elif nums[mid] < target:
+                left = mid + 1
+            else:
+                right = mid - 1
+        return -1
+```
+
+## Complexity
+
+- Time complexity: $$O(log n)$$
+<!-- Add time complexity here, e.g. $$O(n)$$ -->
+
+- Space complexity: $$O(1)$$
+<!-- Add space complexity here, e.g. $$O(n)$$ -->
+

solutions/704. Binary Search/Solution.java

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+class Solution {
+    public int search(int[] nums, int target) {
+        int left = 0, right = nums.length - 1;
+        while (left <= right) {
+            int mid = (left + right) / 2;
+            if (nums[mid] == target) {
+                return mid;
+            } else if (nums[mid] < target) {
+                left = mid + 1;
+            } else {
+                right = mid - 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return -1;
+    }
+}

solutions/704. Binary Search/Solution.py

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+class Solution:
+    def search(self, nums: list[int], target: int) -> int:
+        left, right = 0, len(nums) - 1
+        while left <= right:
+            mid = (left + right) // 2
+            if nums[mid] == target:
+                return mid
+            elif nums[mid] < target:
+                left = mid + 1
+            else:
+                right = mid - 1
+        return -1