add assembly article

docs/c&cpp/assembly.md

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+---
+title: assembly
+tags:
+  - assembly
+  - c&cpp
+createTime: 2025/02/28 19:25:24
+permalink: /article/tr4ayjno/
+---
+# visual studio 2022 编写汇编设置
++ 创建一个空 windows 程序空项目
++ 右键项目选择 生成依赖项 -> 生成自定义 -> 选择 masm
+
+![](../images/c&cpp/assembly/1.png)
+
+![](../images/c&cpp/assembly/2.png)
+
++ 新建一个空的 cpp 文件，后缀自己换成 .asm
++ 右键项目选择 属性 -> 链接器 -> 系统 -> 子系统 -> 控制台 (/SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE)  
++ 右键项目选择 属性 -> 链接器 -> 系统 -> 高级 -> 入口点(自己填 main)
++ 选中生成的文件右键属性 -> 常规 -> 项类型(选择 Microsoft Macro Assembler)
++ 选中 x64 直接运行
+
+以下是汇编代码版的 Hello World
+
+```plain
+EXTERN GetStdHandle : PROC
+EXTERN WriteFile : PROC
+EXTERN ExitProcess : PROC
+.DATA?
+hFile QWORD ?
+BytesWritten DWORD ?
+
+.DATA
+hello BYTE 'Hello world!', 13, 10
+
+.CODE
+main PROC
+; https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20160623-00/?p=93735
+sub rsp, 40 ; Shadow space (4 * 8) & 1 parameter (8 bytes)
+; https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/build/stack-allocation
+and spl, -16 ; Align to 16
+
+; https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms683231.aspx
+mov ecx, -11 ; DWORD nStdHandle = STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE
+call GetStdHandle ; Call WinApi
+mov hFile, rax ; Save returned handle
+
+; https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/aa365747.aspx
+mov rcx, hFile ; HANDLE hFile (here: Stdout)
+lea rdx, hello ; LPCVOID lpBuffer
+lea r9, BytesWritten ; LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten
+mov r8d, LENGTHOF hello ; DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite
+mov qword ptr [rsp+32], 0 ; LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped = NULL
+call WriteFile ; Call WinAPI
+
+exit:
+; https://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/desktop/ms682658.aspx
+xor ecx, ecx ; Set RCX to null for return value
+call ExitProcess ; Call WinAPI to exit
+main ENDP
+
+END
+```
+