README

Required functionality:

Parse input
 hostname
 portnumber
 path
 -d (debug)

Process input
 Translate hostname to ip address (getaddrinfo())

Download the page
 Open the socket
 Confirm the socket
  Gracefully handle and throw errors around
 Read header for size
  Header structure:
   Initial line ex: 'HTTP/1.0 404 Not Found'
   Header lines: 'Header-Name: value'
    Note - all header lines should end in CrLf, but not all do. Handle Lf.
    Whitespace is allowed between Header-Name and :, and : and value, but whitespace before Header-Name indicates that they are part of the previous line, but split for readability
    Content-Length is the one we'll be mostly concerned with
   One blank line (CrLf)
   Message body (Content-Length should be the size)
 Create the buffer
 Stream objects to buffer



// Pseudocode

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netdb.h>

class HttpResponse {
    std::map<std::string, std::string> headers;
    std::string body;
}

// static member of HttpResponse perhaps?
boost::shared_ptr<HttpResponse> Http::loadPage(std::string host, unsigned short destPort, std::string uri) {
    boost::shared_ptr<HttpResponse> ret;
    int sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);
    if (sock == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        std::cout << "Socket Error" << std::endl;
        // Print more information about the error
        return ret;
    }
    
    // This can't really be wrapped in a smart_ptr, as it souldn't free
    // the linked list chain of subsequent addrinfo's on a delete.
    // So hopefully there are no errors between here and the freeaddrinfo()
    addrinfo* info = NULL;
    int error = getaddrinfo(host.c_str(), NULL, NULL, &info);
    if (error) {
        // Print host resolution error
        return ret;
    }
    
    // I'm not going to do ANY IP6 checking or code here, so sorry.
    // Cast to sockaddr_in instead of leaving it as a plain sockaddr
    //  That way we can extract the IP4 address
    boost::scoped_ptr(sockaddr_in) address((sockaddr_in*)info->ai_addr);
    
    // address might have already loaded port and family info, but we'll
    // overwrite it with whatever we got from the commandline
    // address->sin_addr.s_addr is already loaded from getaddrinfo()
    address->sin_port = htons(destPort);
    address->sin_family = AF_INET;
    
    if (connect(sock, (sockaddr*)address.get(), sizeof(address.get()) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        // Print connection error
        freeaddrinfo(address);
        return ret;
    }
    
    // Read socket data, at first only one byte at a time until the whole
    // header is in.
    // Here is where we can break things down into functions like so:
    //  int readSocket(socket, HttpResponse) -> reads until read() == 0.
    //   Builds the header and body, and puts them in the HttpResponse object
    //   Returns error code
    //  int readHeader(socket, HttpResponse)
    //   Reads the full header (including the trailing \r\n\r\n, and loads
    //   the HttpResponse's header map appropriately.
    //   If readHeaderName returns "", then the next value should simply be
    //   appended to the previous name key that was read, with a single space
    //   prepended.
    //   Returns error code
    //  std::string readHeaderName(socket)
    //   Unless the first character is whitespace, reads until : is found,
    //   or until \n is found (as an error proofing check)
    //   If the first character is whitespace, only reads the first char.
    //   Gets the name of the next header from the headerLine (everything before
    //   the :). Strips whitespace off from the end as well.
    //   Returns "" if whitespace was found first (means append the next value
    //   to the previous name.) or the name of the next header key.
    //  std::string readHeaderValue(socket)
    //   Reads to the end of the line, and returns the value for the header.
    //   If both this and name return "", then the header is done.
    // Note: The more I think about this, the more I think some sort of
    //  preloaded caching or tokenizer would really be good.
    // Tokenizer design:
    //  TokenTypes
    //   HttpStatus
    //   HeaderName
    //   HeaderValue
    //   HeaderTerminator
    //   Body
    
    bool advanceTokenizer = true;
    while (tokenizer.hasToken()) {
        switch (tokenizer.tokenType()) {
        case HttpStatus:
            // If we needed to redirect or anything, here's where we could
            // do that, and return a newly loaded page, which could then
            // even function recursively.
            // If so desired, this could also parse out the status message
            // and put it into the HttpResponse, which would actually be
            // a really good idea.
        break;
        case HeaderName:
            // We're going to grab the next token, and make sure it's a
            // HeaderValue token, so store the HeaderName
            std::string name = tokenizer.tokenValue();
            tokenizer.next();
            if (tokenizer.hasToken() && tokenizer.tokenType() == HeaderValue) {
                HttpResponse.addHeader(name, tokenizer.tokenValue());
            } else {
                // Print some sort of warning message - the header name
                // has no matched pair.
                // If we could, reset the previous token to undo the
                // change, but at present that's not possible and probably
                // not worth it
                advanceTokenizer = false;
            }
        break;
        case HeaderValue:
            // Print some sort of warning message - HeaderValues should only
            // be found after a HeaderName
        break;
        case HeaderTerminator:
            // We don't really need to do anything here, this is just a heads up
        break;
        case Content:
            // We should never get multiple contents back from a single tokenizer
            HttpResponse.setContent(tokenizer.tokenValue());
        break;
        }
        if (advanceTokenizer) {
            tokenizer.next();
        }
        advanceTokenizer = true;
    }
    
    
    // The socket is owned by the Tokenizer, so he closes it.
    //if (close(sock) == SOCKET_ERROR) {
        // Print error message, but by now we have what we wanted anyway,
        // so we won't return an error message...usually closing shouldn't
        // have problems anyway, I'd hope
    //}
    
    freeaddrinfo(address);
    return ret;
}


class HttpTokenizer {
public:
    HttpTokenizer(socket);
    ~HttpTokenizer();
    enum TokenType {
        HttpStatus,
        HeaderName,
        HeaderValue,
        HeaderTerminator,
        Content,
        EndOfFile
    }
    // next() is called implicitly by the constructor, so you can call
    // hasToken() right away.
    // Note: hasToken() will return false if the current token is an
    // EndOfFile token, as that really means there is nothing left to get.
    bool hasToken() const;
    TokenType tokenType() const;
    std::string tokenValue() const;
    void next();
private:
    int sock;
    TokenType currTokenType;
    std::string currTokenValue;
    // Yes, this isn't optimal in performance factors.
    // But I would have practically be reimplementing this on my own, so
    // the default implementation is probably an enhancement on that, and
    // besides - this is far from a performance critical application.
    std::string buffer;
    bool headerComplete;
}