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learn.c
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learn.c
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/*
* Copyright (c) 2004 Security Architects Corporation. All rights reserved.
*
* Module Name:
*
* learn.c
*
* Abstract:
*
* This module implements various policy-auto-generation routines.
* Policy auto generation works by monitoring all system calls and remembering their
* argument values. These are then saved in a policy file.
*
* Author:
*
* Eugene Tsyrklevich 24-Feb-2004
*
* Revision History:
*
* None.
*/
#include <NTDDK.h>
#include "learn.h"
#include "accessmask.h"
#include "hookproc.h"
#include "procname.h"
#include "process.h"
#include "log.h"
#ifdef ALLOC_PRAGMA
#pragma alloc_text (INIT, InitLearningMode)
#endif
//XXX on a terminal server, global\* might need to be handled specially
WCHAR ProcessToMonitor[MAX_PROCESS_NAME] = L"";
BOOLEAN LearningMode = FALSE;
HANDLE hFile;
INT64 offset;
BOOLEAN IsGuiThread = FALSE; /* does the process we are profiling contain any GUI threads? */
SECURITY_POLICY NewPolicy;
/*
* InitLearningMode()
*
* Description:
* Initialize a learning/training mode. Training mode is used to create process policies that
* describe all the resources used by a process.
*
* Called during driver initialization (DriverEntry()) or from DriverDeviceControl().
*
* Parameters:
* None.
*
* Returns:
* TRUE to indicate success, FALSE if failed.
*/
BOOLEAN
InitLearningMode()
{
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_VERBOSE, ("InitLearningMode: Entered.\n"));
/* initialize the NewPolicy */
RtlZeroMemory(&NewPolicy, sizeof(NewPolicy));
KeInitializeSpinLock(&NewPolicy.SpinLock);
NewPolicy.ProtectionFlags = PROTECTION_ALL_ON;
/*
* Load an existing policy (if there is one) and use it as a template
*/
if (FindAndLoadSecurityPolicy(&NewPolicy, ProcessToMonitor, NULL) == FALSE)
{
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("InitLearningMode: Learning about '%S'. An existing policy not found.\n", ProcessToMonitor));
NewPolicy.DefaultPolicyAction = ACTION_LOG;
}
else
{
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("InitLearningMode: Learning about '%S'. Using a pre-existing policy.\n", ProcessToMonitor));
}
return TRUE;
}
/*************************************************************************************************
*
* Path Filters
* Used to convert kernel object names into their userland representation
* (i.e. registry \REGISTRY\USER will be converted to HKEY_USERS
*
*************************************************************************************************/
/*
* FilterFilePath()
*
* Description:
* Convert kernel file paths to their userland representation (i.e. removing \??\, \DosDevices\, references).
*
* Parameters:
* path - Pointer to a source character file path.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to a post-processed file path.
*/
PCHAR
FilterFilePath(PCHAR path)
{
CHAR buffer[MAX_PATH];
if (path[0] != '\\' && path[0] != '%')
{
// KdPrint(("FilterFilePath: special filename %s\n", path));
// return NULL;
}
if (_strnicmp(path, "\\??\\pipe", 8) == 0)
{
return path + 3;
}
if (_strnicmp(path, "\\??\\", 4) == 0)
{
path += 4;
}
else if (_strnicmp(path, "\\DosDevices\\", 12) == 0)
{
path += 12;
}
else if (_strnicmp(path, CDrive, CDriveLength) == 0 && CDriveLength)
{
/* replace any possible \device\harddiskvolumeX references with a DOS C:\ name */
//XXX what about d:\ and so on?
path[CDriveLength-2] = 'C';
path[CDriveLength-1] = ':';
path += CDriveLength - 2;
}
if (_strnicmp(path, SystemRootDirectory, SystemRootDirectoryLength) == 0 && SystemRootDirectoryLength)
{
/* replace \windows (systemroot) references with SystemRoot */
strcpy(buffer, "%SystemRoot%");
strcat(buffer, path + SystemRootDirectoryLength);
path = buffer;
}
else if (_strnicmp(path, SystemRootUnresolved, SystemRootUnresolvedLength) == 0 && SystemRootUnresolvedLength)
{
/* replace c:\windows (systemroot) references with SystemRoot */
strcpy(buffer, "%SystemRoot%");
strcat(buffer, path + SystemRootUnresolvedLength);
path = buffer;
}
else if (_strnicmp(path, "\\SystemRoot\\", 12) == 0)
{
strcpy(buffer, "%SystemRoot%");
strcat(buffer, path + 11);
path = buffer;
}
else if ((path[0] == SystemDrive || path[0] == (CHAR) tolower(SystemDrive)) && path[1] == ':')
{
/* replace any system drive references with "SystemDrive" */
strcpy(buffer, "%SystemDrive%");
strcat(buffer, path + 1);
path = buffer;
}
return path;
}
/*
* FilterMailslotPath()
*
* Description:
* Convert kernel mailslot paths to their userland representation.
*
* Parameters:
* path - Pointer to a source character path.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to a post-processed path.
*/
PCHAR
FilterMailslotPath(PCHAR path)
{
if (_strnicmp(path, "\\mailslot\\", 10) == 0)
return path + 10;
if (_strnicmp(path, "\\??\\mailslot\\", 13) == 0)
return path + 13;
if (_strnicmp(path, "\\device\\mailslot\\", 17) == 0)
return path + 17;
return path;
}
/*
* FilterNamedpipePath()
*
* Description:
* Convert kernel namedpipe paths to their userland representation.
*
* Parameters:
* path - Pointer to a source character path.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to a post-processed path.
*/
PCHAR
FilterNamedpipePath(PCHAR path)
{
if (_strnicmp(path, "\\pipe\\", 6) == 0)
return path + 6;
if (_strnicmp(path, "\\??\\pipe\\", 9) == 0)
return path + 9;
if (_strnicmp(path, "\\device\\namedpipe\\", 18) == 0)
return path + 18;
return path;
}
/*
* FilterRegistryPath()
*
* Description:
* Convert kernel registry paths to their userland equivalents
* (i.e. replacing \REGISTRY\USER\ kernel path with its userland HKEY_USERS\ representation).
*
* Parameters:
* path - Pointer to a source character registry path.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to a post-processed registry path.
*/
PCHAR
FilterRegistryPath(PCHAR path)
{
static char buffer[MAX_PATH];
//XXX use reverse symlink lookup for this?!?!?
if (_strnicmp(path, "\\REGISTRY\\", 10) == 0)
{
/* replace \Registry\User\ with HKEY_USERS\ */
if (_strnicmp(path + 10, "USER\\", 5) == 0)
{
strcpy(path + 4, "HKEY_USERS");
path[14] = '\\';
return path + 4;
}
/* replace \Registry\Machine\ with HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\ */
if (_strnicmp(path + 10, "MACHINE\\", 8) == 0)
{
strcpy(buffer, "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\");
strncat(buffer, path + 18, MAX_PATH - 20);
return buffer;
}
}
return path;
}
/*
* FilterBaseNamedObjectsPath()
*
* Description:
* Convert kernel paths to their userland representation (by removing \BaseNamedObjects\ kernel reference).
*
* Parameters:
* path - Pointer to a source character event or semaphore path.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to a post-processed path.
*/
PCHAR
FilterBaseNamedObjectsPath(PCHAR path)
{
if (_strnicmp(path, "\\BaseNamedObjects\\", 18) == 0)
{
return path + 18;
}
return path;
}
/*
* FilterDll()
*
* Description:
* Convert kernel DLL path to its userland representation
* (i.e. removing \KnownDlls\ kernel reference).
*
* Parameters:
* path - Pointer to a source character DLL path.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to a post-processed DLL path.
*/
PCHAR
FilterDll(PCHAR path)
{
if (_strnicmp(path, "\\KnownDlls\\", 11) == 0)
{
return path + 11;
}
return path;
}
/*
* FilterPath()
*
* Description:
* Filter stub.
*
* Parameters:
* path - Pointer to a source character path.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an unmodified path.
*/
PCHAR
FilterPath(PCHAR path)
{
return path;
}
/*************************************************************************************************
*
* Operation Filters
* Convert operations (such as OP_READ, OP_WRITE) into their ASCII representation.
* (i.e. file OP_READ will be translated to "read" while atom OP_READ will become "find"
*
*************************************************************************************************/
/*
* FilterOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert operations (such as OP_READ, OP_WRITE) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_READ_WRITE) &&
(IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_DELETE) || IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_EXECUTE)))
return "all";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_DELETE))
return "delete";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_READ_WRITE))
return "rw";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_READ))
return "read";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_WRITE))
return "write";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_EXECUTE))
return "execute";
//XXX what about when multiple bits are set? read + delete?
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("FilterOperation: invalid operation type %d\n", OperationType));
return "all";
}
/*
* FilterSimpleOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert operations (such as OP_READ, OP_WRITE) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterSimpleOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_READ_WRITE))
return "all";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_READ))
return "read";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_WRITE))
return "write";
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("FilterSimpleOperation: invalid operation type %d\n", OperationType));
return "all";
}
/*
* FilterCreateOpenOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert OP_CREATE and OP_OPEN) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterCreateOpenOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_CREATE) &&
IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_OPEN))
return "all";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_CREATE))
return "create";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_OPEN))
return "open";
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("FilterCreateOpenOperation: invalid operation type %d\n", OperationType));
return "all";
}
/*
* FilterDirectoryOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert operations (such as OP_DIR_CREATE) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterDirectoryOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_DIR_CREATE))
return "create";
return "all";
}
/*
* FilterProcessOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert operations (such as OP_PROC_OPEN) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterProcessOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_PROC_OPEN) &&
IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_PROC_EXECUTE))
return "all";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_PROC_OPEN))
return "open";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_PROC_EXECUTE))
return "execute";
return "all";
}
/*
* FilterNetworkOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert operations (such as OP_CONNECT) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterNetworkOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_TCPCONNECT))
return "tcpconnect";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_UDPCONNECT))
return "udpconnect";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_CONNECT))
return "connect";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_BIND))
return "bind";
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("FilterNetworkOperation: invalid operation type %d\n", OperationType));
return "all";
}
/*
* FilterPortOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert port operations (such as OP_PORT_CONNECT) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterPortOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_PORT_CREATE) &&
IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_PORT_CONNECT))
return "all";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_PORT_CREATE))
return "create";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_PORT_CONNECT))
return "connect";
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("FilterPortOperation: invalid operation type %d\n", OperationType));
return "all";
}
/*
* FilterAtomOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert atom operations (such as OP_READ, OP_WRITE) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterAtomOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_ADD) &&
IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_FIND))
return "all";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_ADD))
return "add";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_FIND))
return "find";
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("FilterAtomOperation: invalid operation type %d\n", OperationType));
return "all";
}
/*
* FilterDriverOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert driver object operations (such as OP_READ, OP_WRITE) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterDriverOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_LOAD))
return "load";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_REGLOAD))
return "regload";
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("FilterDriverOperation: invalid operation type %d\n", OperationType));
return "load";
}
/*
* FilterDllOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert DLL operations (such as OP_READ, OP_WRITE) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterDllOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
return "load";
}
/*
* FilterServiceOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert service operations (such as OP_START, OP_WRITE) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterServiceOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_SERVICE_START))
return "start";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_SERVICE_STOP))
return "stop";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_SERVICE_CREATE))
return "create";
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_SERVICE_DELETE))
return "delete";
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("FilterServiceOperation: invalid operation type %d\n", OperationType));
return "all";
}
/*
* FilterTimeOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert time operations (such as OP_TIME_CHANGE) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterTimeOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_TIME_CHANGE))
return "change";
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("FilterTimeOperation: invalid operation type %d\n", OperationType));
return "all";
}
/*
* FilterTokenOperation()
*
* Description:
* Convert token operations (such as OP_TOKEN_MODIFY) into their ASCII representation.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* Pointer to an ASCII string.
*/
PCHAR
FilterTokenOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
if (IS_BIT_SET(OperationType, OP_TOKEN_MODIFY))
return "modify";
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("FilterTokenOperation: invalid operation type %d\n", OperationType));
return "all";
}
/*
* FilterSyscallOperation()
*
* Description:
* This function is never supposed to be called.
*
* Parameters:
* OperationType - operation type.
*
* Returns:
* An error.
*/
PCHAR
FilterSyscallOperation(UCHAR OperationType)
{
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("FilterSyscallOperation: this function is not supposed to be called.\n"));
return "error";
}
typedef PCHAR (*fpFilterObject) (PCHAR path);
typedef PCHAR (*fpFilterOperation) (UCHAR OperationType);
/* in C++ these would be member methods */
struct
{
PCHAR Prefix;
fpFilterObject FilterObjectProc;
fpFilterOperation FilterOperationProc;
} RuleTypeData[] =
{
{ "file", FilterFilePath, FilterOperation },
{ "directory", FilterFilePath, FilterDirectoryOperation },
{ "mailslot", FilterMailslotPath, FilterSimpleOperation },
{ "namedpipe", FilterNamedpipePath, FilterSimpleOperation },
{ "registry", FilterRegistryPath, FilterOperation },
{ "section", FilterBaseNamedObjectsPath, FilterOperation },
{ "dll", FilterDll, FilterDllOperation },
{ "event", FilterBaseNamedObjectsPath, FilterCreateOpenOperation },
{ "semaphore", FilterBaseNamedObjectsPath, FilterCreateOpenOperation },
{ "job", FilterBaseNamedObjectsPath, FilterCreateOpenOperation },
{ "mutex", FilterBaseNamedObjectsPath, FilterCreateOpenOperation },
{ "port", FilterPath, FilterPortOperation },
{ "symlink", FilterPath, FilterCreateOpenOperation },
{ "timer", FilterBaseNamedObjectsPath, FilterCreateOpenOperation },
{ "process", FilterFilePath, FilterProcessOperation },
{ "driver", FilterFilePath, FilterDriverOperation },
{ "dirobj", FilterPath, FilterCreateOpenOperation },
{ "atom", FilterPath, FilterAtomOperation },
{ "network", FilterPath, FilterNetworkOperation },
{ "service", FilterPath, FilterServiceOperation },
{ "time", FilterPath, FilterTimeOperation },
{ "token", FilterPath, FilterTokenOperation },
{ "syscall", FilterPath, FilterSyscallOperation },
};
/*
* DecodeAction()
*
* Description:
* .
*
* Parameters:
* .
*
* Returns:
* .
*/
PCHAR
DecodeAction(UCHAR ActionType)
{
switch (ActionType)
{
case ACTION_ASK:
case ACTION_ASK_DEFAULT:
return "ask";
case ACTION_PERMIT:
case ACTION_ASK_PERMIT:
case ACTION_PERMIT_DEFAULT:
return "permit";
case ACTION_DENY:
case ACTION_ASK_DENY:
case ACTION_DENY_DEFAULT:
return "deny";
case ACTION_LOG:
case ACTION_ASK_LOG:
case ACTION_LOG_DEFAULT:
return "log";
case ACTION_QUIETDENY:
case ACTION_QUIETDENY_DEFAULT:
return "quietdeny";
case ACTION_TERMINATE:
case ACTION_ASK_TERMINATE:
return "log";
default:
return "unknown";
}
}
/*
* CreateRule()
*
* Description:
* Generate an ASCII rule for rule 'r' of type RuleType.
*
* Parameters:
* RuleType - rule type.
* r - rule itself.
* buffer - output buffer.
*
* Returns:
* TRUE if a rule was created, FALSE otherwise.
*/
BOOLEAN
CreateRule(RULE_TYPE RuleType, PPOLICY_RULE r, PCHAR buffer)
{
PCHAR name;
ASSERT(r);
ASSERT(buffer);
if (r->MatchType != MATCH_ALL)
{
name = RuleTypeData[ RuleType ].FilterObjectProc(r->Name);
/* if name is NULL there is no need to remember this rule */
if (name == NULL)
return FALSE;
if (strlen(name) > MAX_PATH)
{
LOG(LOG_SS_LEARN, LOG_PRIORITY_DEBUG, ("CreateRule: name '%s' is too long\n", name));
return FALSE;
}
}
/*
* construct the "objecttype_operation: " part first
*/
strcpy(buffer, RuleTypeData[ RuleType ].Prefix);
strcat(buffer, "_");
strcat(buffer, RuleTypeData[ RuleType ].FilterOperationProc(r->OperationType));
strcat(buffer, ": ");
/*
* now construct the action part
*/
if (r->MatchType != MATCH_ALL)