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- x1 - [50mm U.FL to U.FL Cable](https://www.sparkfun.com/u-fl-to-u-fl-mini-coax-cable-50mm.html)
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- x4 - Aluminum Hex Standoff
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- Thread: M2.5-0.45; Length: 16mm
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- x8 - Phillips Machine Screw
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## External Antenna
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In order to receive [GNSS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite_navigation"Global Navigation Satellite System") signals, users will need a compatible antenna. For the best performance, we recommend an active, L1/L2/L5/L6 GNSS antenna.
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<figuremarkdown>
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[{ width="400" }](./assets/img/hookup_guide/assembly-antenna.jpg"Click to enlarge")
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<figcaptionmarkdown>Connecting an antenna to the GNSS Flex pHAT.</figcaption>
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</figure>
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### Connection Options
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There are two options for connecting an external antenna to a GNSS Flex module:
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### Antenna Bridge
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The antenna bridge on the GNSS Flex pHAT can be utilized to connect an external antenna to the SMA connector. For the connection to work, an U.FL cable needs to bridge the antenna connection from the GNSS Flex module to the GNSS Flex pHAT. Due to the space constraint, we recommend connecting the U.FL cable to the GNSS Flex pHAT before attaching the GNSS Flex module to the pHAT.
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<divclass="grid"markdown>
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<divmarkdown>
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## Attach Module
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## GNSS Flex Module
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The GNSS Flex system is a modular ecosystem designed around two 2x10-pin, 2mm pitch headers, so boards are pin-compatible for upgrades and easily swapped for repairs. Users simply, stack a SparkPNT GNSS Flex module onto the headers of its associated *carrier* board.
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### Header Extension
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When assembling the GNSS Flex pHAT, users should utilize the extension header that best suits their needs.
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<figuremarkdown>
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[{ width="400" }](./assets/img/hookup_guide/assembly-header.jpg"Click to enlarge")
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<figcaptionmarkdown>Attaching the extension header to the GPIO pins on a Raspberry Pi.</figcaption>
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## USB Connector
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If the GNSS Flex module has the capability, a USB-C connector is provided on the GNSS Flex pHAT to interface with the GNSS receiver. However, depending on the software support of the GNSS receiver, users can either interface with the GNSS receiver directly from the Raspberry Pi or externally from another computer.
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{ .qr width="85px" }
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</article>
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</div>
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### Interfaces
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The following interfaces and signals of the GNSS Flex system are connected to the 40-pin female GPIO header of the GNSS Flex pHAT. Below, are tables detailing the pin connections for each interface.
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!!! tip "UART Numbering"
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Please note that the UART numbers (UART1 - UART4) listed below follow the GNSS Flex Module UART numbering scheme. The mosaic-X5 supports four hardware UARTs (COM1 - COM4). The LG290P supports only three (UART1 - UART3).
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</article>
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</div>
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Qwiic cables (4-pin JST) plug easily from development boards to sensors, shields, accessory boards and more, making easy work of setting up a new prototype.
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The part numbers for the PCB connector is `SM04B-SRSS` ([Datasheet](https://cdn.sparkfun.com/assets/parts/1/2/2/8/9/Qwiic_Connector_Datasheet.pdf)) and the mating connector on the cables is `SHR04V-S-B`; or an equivalent *1mm pitch, 4-pin JST connection*.
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