[python] Switch from PEP-386 to PEP-440 for tag-name constraints

[johnkerl]

Status quo

At https://github.com/single-cell-data/TileDB-SOMA/wiki/Branches-and-releases we currently have the guideline

GITHUB RC TAG: Same as next step, but, for i.j.0 releases, always do an i.j.0rc0 first (note: no - before rc0, for PEP386)

This is because of the following software requirement:

• TileDB-SOMA/apis/python/version.py

  Lines 25 to 32 in 7330fbd

  	Calculates the current version number.
  	If possible, uses output of “git describe” modified to conform to the
  	versioning scheme that setuptools uses (see PEP 386). Releases must be
  	labelled with annotated tags (signed tags are annotated) of the following
  	format:
  	v<num>(.<num>)+ [ {a|b|c|rc} <num> (.<num>)* ]

• TileDB-SOMA/apis/python/version.py

  Lines 83 to 88 in 7330fbd

  	# http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0386/
  	_PEP386_SHORT_VERSION_RE = r"\d+(?:\.\d+)+(?:(?:[abc]|rc)\d+(?:\.\d+)*)?"
  	_PEP386_VERSION_RE = r"^%s(?:\.post\d+)?(?:\.dev\d+)?$" % _PEP386_SHORT_VERSION_RE
  	_GIT_DESCRIPTION_RE = (
  	r"^(?P<ver>%s)-(?P<commits>\d+)-g(?P<sha>[\da-f]+)$" % _PEP386_SHORT_VERSION_RE
  	)

• TileDB-SOMA/apis/python/version.py

  Lines 248 to 259 in 7330fbd

  	def read_release_version() -> Optional[str]:
  	try:
  	with open(RELEASE_VERSION_FILE) as fd:
  	ver = fd.readline().strip()
  	if not re.search(_PEP386_VERSION_RE, ver):
  	err(
  	"version: release version (%s) is invalid, "
  	"will use it anyway\n" % ver,
  	)
  	return ver
  	except FileNotFoundError:
  	return None

This is why we've consistently tagged like 1.15.0rc4: otherwise our softwtare generates an error.

Desired change

• https://peps.python.org/pep-0440/ supersedes PEP-386
• The Python semver package fails semver.parse('1.15.0rc4') but passes semver.parse('1.15.0-rc4')

Work to do

• Update the regex in version.py above
• Update all related code comments there
• Update the release-procedure wiki above

See also: [sc-60657]