Skip to content

Commit de4bb16

Browse files
Iftakharpyrstacruz
Iftakharpy
authored and
rstacruz
committed
Add multi range brace expansion to bash.md (#2071)
1 parent 1dbdb9c commit de4bb16

File tree

1 file changed

+53
-53
lines changed

1 file changed

+53
-53
lines changed

‎bash.md

+53-53
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -14,11 +14,12 @@ keywords:
1414
- Command substitution
1515
---
1616

17-
Getting started
18-
---------------
17+
## Getting started
18+
1919
{: .-three-column}
2020

2121
### Introduction
22+
2223
{: .-intro}
2324

2425
This is a quick reference to getting started with Bash scripting.
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ echo $name # see below
4445
echo "$name"
4546
echo "${name}!"
4647
```
48+
4749
Generally quote your variables unless they contain wildcards to expand or command fragments.
4850

4951
```bash
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ git commit || echo "Commit failed"
7880
```
7981

8082
### Functions
83+
8184
{: id='functions-example'}
8285

8386
```bash
@@ -91,6 +94,7 @@ echo "You are $(get_name)"
9194
See: [Functions](#functions)
9295

9396
### Conditionals
97+
9498
{: id='conditionals-example'}
9599

96100
```bash
@@ -118,17 +122,17 @@ See: [Unofficial bash strict mode](http://redsymbol.net/articles/unofficial-bash
118122
echo {A,B}.js
119123
```
120124

121-
| Expression | Description |
122-
| ---------- | ------------------- |
123-
| `{A,B}` | Same as `A B` |
124-
| `{A,B}.js` | Same as `A.js B.js` |
125-
| `{1..5}` | Same as `1 2 3 4 5` |
125+
| Expression | Description |
126+
| ---------------------- | --------------------- |
127+
| `{A,B}` | Same as `A B` |
128+
| `{A,B}.js` | Same as `A.js B.js` |
129+
| `{1..5}` | Same as `1 2 3 4 5` |
130+
| <code>&lcub;{1..3},{7..9}}</code> | Same as `1 2 3 7 8 9` |
126131

127132
See: [Brace expansion](https://web.archive.org/web/20230207192110/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/expansion/brace)
128133

134+
## Parameter expansions
129135

130-
Parameter expansions
131-
--------------------
132136
{: .-three-column}
133137

134138
### Basics
@@ -247,8 +251,8 @@ echo "${str^^}" #=> "HELLO WORLD!" (all uppercase)
247251

248252
Omitting the `:` removes the (non)nullity checks, e.g. `${foo-val}` expands to `val` if unset otherwise `$foo`.
249253

250-
Loops
251-
-----
254+
## Loops
255+
252256
{: .-three-column}
253257

254258
### Basic for loop
@@ -299,8 +303,8 @@ while true; do
299303
done
300304
```
301305

302-
Functions
303-
---------
306+
## Functions
307+
304308
{: .-three-column}
305309

306310
### Defining functions
@@ -353,29 +357,29 @@ fi
353357

354358
### Arguments
355359

356-
| Expression | Description |
357-
| --- | --- |
358-
| `$#` | Number of arguments |
359-
| `$*` | All positional arguments (as a single word) |
360-
| `$@` | All positional arguments (as separate strings) |
361-
| `$1` | First argument |
362-
| `$_` | Last argument of the previous command |
360+
| Expression | Description |
361+
| ---------- | ---------------------------------------------- |
362+
| `$#` | Number of arguments |
363+
| `$*` | All positional arguments (as a single word) |
364+
| `$@` | All positional arguments (as separate strings) |
365+
| `$1` | First argument |
366+
| `$_` | Last argument of the previous command |
363367

364368
**Note**: `$@` and `$*` must be quoted in order to perform as described.
365369
Otherwise, they do exactly the same thing (arguments as separate strings).
366370

367371
See [Special parameters](https://web.archive.org/web/20230318164746/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/shellvars#special_parameters_and_shell_variables).
368372

369-
Conditionals
370-
------------
373+
## Conditionals
374+
371375
{: .-three-column}
372376

373377
### Conditions
374378

375379
Note that `[[` is actually a command/program that returns either `0` (true) or `1` (false). Any program that obeys the same logic (like all base utils, such as `grep(1)` or `ping(1)`) can be used as condition, see examples.
376380

377381
| Condition | Description |
378-
| --- | --- |
382+
| ------------------------ | --------------------- |
379383
| `[[ -z STRING ]]` | Empty string |
380384
| `[[ -n STRING ]]` | Not empty string |
381385
| `[[ STRING == STRING ]]` | Equal |
@@ -405,7 +409,7 @@ Note that `[[` is actually a command/program that returns either `0` (true) or `
405409
### File conditions
406410

407411
| Condition | Description |
408-
| --- | --- |
412+
| ----------------------- | ----------------------- |
409413
| `[[ -e FILE ]]` | Exists |
410414
| `[[ -r FILE ]]` | Readable |
411415
| `[[ -h FILE ]]` | Symlink |
@@ -461,8 +465,7 @@ if [[ -e "file.txt" ]]; then
461465
fi
462466
```
463467
464-
Arrays
465-
------
468+
## Arrays
466469
467470
### Defining arrays
468471
@@ -509,8 +512,8 @@ for i in "${arrayName[@]}"; do
509512
done
510513
```
511514
512-
Dictionaries
513-
------------
515+
## Dictionaries
516+
514517
{: .-three-column}
515518
516519
### Defining
@@ -556,8 +559,7 @@ for key in "${!sounds[@]}"; do
556559
done
557560
```
558561
559-
Options
560-
-------
562+
## Options
561563
562564
### Options
563565
@@ -581,8 +583,7 @@ shopt -s globstar # Allow ** for recursive matches ('lib/**/*.rb' => 'lib/a/b
581583
Set `GLOBIGNORE` as a colon-separated list of patterns to be removed from glob
582584
matches.
583585
584-
History
585-
-------
586+
## History
586587
587588
### Commands
588589
@@ -625,9 +626,7 @@ History
625626
626627
`!!` can be replaced with any valid expansion i.e. `!cat`, `!-2`, `!42`, etc.
627628
628-
629-
Miscellaneous
630-
-------------
629+
## Miscellaneous
631630
632631
### Numeric calculations
633632
@@ -640,7 +639,7 @@ $(($RANDOM%200)) # Random number 0..199
640639
```
641640
642641
```bash
643-
declare -i count # Declare as type integer
642+
declare -i count # Declare as type integer
644643
count+=1 # Increment
645644
```
646645
@@ -732,18 +731,18 @@ printf '%i+%i=%i\n' 1 2 3 4 5 9
732731

733732
### Transform strings
734733

735-
| Command option | Description |
736-
| ------------------ | --------------------------------------------------- |
737-
| `-c` | Operations apply to characters not in the given set |
738-
| `-d` | Delete characters |
739-
| `-s` | Replaces repeated characters with single occurrence |
740-
| `-t` | Truncates |
741-
| `[:upper:]` | All upper case letters |
742-
| `[:lower:]` | All lower case letters |
743-
| `[:digit:]` | All digits |
744-
| `[:space:]` | All whitespace |
745-
| `[:alpha:]` | All letters |
746-
| `[:alnum:]` | All letters and digits |
734+
| Command option | Description |
735+
| -------------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
736+
| `-c` | Operations apply to characters not in the given set |
737+
| `-d` | Delete characters |
738+
| `-s` | Replaces repeated characters with single occurrence |
739+
| `-t` | Truncates |
740+
| `[:upper:]` | All upper case letters |
741+
| `[:lower:]` | All lower case letters |
742+
| `[:digit:]` | All digits |
743+
| `[:space:]` | All whitespace |
744+
| `[:alpha:]` | All letters |
745+
| `[:alnum:]` | All letters and digits |
747746

748747
#### Example
749748

@@ -838,10 +837,11 @@ fi
838837
```
839838

840839
## Also see
840+
841841
{: .-one-column}
842842

843-
* [Bash-hackers wiki](https://web.archive.org/web/20230406205817/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/) _(bash-hackers.org)_
844-
* [Shell vars](https://web.archive.org/web/20230318164746/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/shellvars) _(bash-hackers.org)_
845-
* [Learn bash in y minutes](https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/bash/) _(learnxinyminutes.com)_
846-
* [Bash Guide](http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashGuide) _(mywiki.wooledge.org)_
847-
* [ShellCheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/) _(shellcheck.net)_
843+
- [Bash-hackers wiki](https://web.archive.org/web/20230406205817/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/) _(bash-hackers.org)_
844+
- [Shell vars](https://web.archive.org/web/20230318164746/https://wiki.bash-hackers.org/syntax/shellvars) _(bash-hackers.org)_
845+
- [Learn bash in y minutes](https://learnxinyminutes.com/docs/bash/) _(learnxinyminutes.com)_
846+
- [Bash Guide](http://mywiki.wooledge.org/BashGuide) _(mywiki.wooledge.org)_
847+
- [ShellCheck](https://www.shellcheck.net/) _(shellcheck.net)_

0 commit comments

Comments
 (0)