diff --git a/config.example.yaml b/config.example.yaml
index 40bb87210a..291ae38135 100644
--- a/config.example.yaml
+++ b/config.example.yaml
@@ -62,7 +62,18 @@ error-logs-max-files: 10
 # When false, disable in-memory usage statistics aggregation
 usage-statistics-enabled: false
 
-# Proxy URL. Supports socks5/http/https protocols. Example: socks5://user:pass@192.168.1.1:1080/
+# Global proxy URL for all outgoing connections (API requests + OAuth token refresh).
+# Supports socks5/http/https protocols. Example: socks5://user:pass@192.168.1.1:1080
+#
+# Proxy resolution priority (highest to lowest):
+#   1. Per-account proxy_url in auth credential JSON file (e.g. claude-user@example.com.json)
+#   2. This global proxy-url
+#   3. HTTPS_PROXY / HTTP_PROXY environment variables (standard http.Transport only)
+#
+# IMPORTANT: OAuth token refresh uses a custom TLS transport that does NOT read
+# HTTPS_PROXY environment variables. If you rely on env vars for proxy routing,
+# you must ALSO set this field or add "proxy_url" to your credential JSON files,
+# otherwise token refresh requests will attempt direct connections.
 proxy-url: ""
 
 # When true, unprefixed model requests only use credentials without a prefix (except when prefix == model name).
diff --git a/internal/auth/claude/anthropic_auth.go b/internal/auth/claude/anthropic_auth.go
index 2853e418e6..21504b53b7 100644
--- a/internal/auth/claude/anthropic_auth.go
+++ b/internal/auth/claude/anthropic_auth.go
@@ -53,16 +53,25 @@ type ClaudeAuth struct {
 // It initializes the HTTP client with a custom TLS transport that uses Firefox
 // fingerprint to bypass Cloudflare's TLS fingerprinting on Anthropic domains.
 //
+// An optional proxyURL may be provided to override the proxy in cfg.SDKConfig.
+// This allows callers to pass a pre-resolved proxy URL (e.g. from ResolveProxyURL)
+// so that both request and refresh paths share the same proxy priority logic.
+//
 // Parameters:
 //   - cfg: The application configuration containing proxy settings
+//   - proxyURL: Optional pre-resolved proxy URL that overrides cfg.SDKConfig.ProxyURL
 //
 // Returns:
 //   - *ClaudeAuth: A new Claude authentication service instance
-func NewClaudeAuth(cfg *config.Config) *ClaudeAuth {
-	// Use custom HTTP client with Firefox TLS fingerprint to bypass
-	// Cloudflare's bot detection on Anthropic domains
+func NewClaudeAuth(cfg *config.Config, proxyURL ...string) *ClaudeAuth {
+	sdkCfg := &cfg.SDKConfig
+	if len(proxyURL) > 0 && proxyURL[0] != "" {
+		cfgCopy := cfg.SDKConfig
+		cfgCopy.ProxyURL = proxyURL[0]
+		sdkCfg = &cfgCopy
+	}
 	return &ClaudeAuth{
-		httpClient: NewAnthropicHttpClient(&cfg.SDKConfig),
+		httpClient: NewAnthropicHttpClient(sdkCfg),
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/internal/runtime/executor/claude_executor.go b/internal/runtime/executor/claude_executor.go
index 7d0ddcf2d2..4a5e8272f2 100644
--- a/internal/runtime/executor/claude_executor.go
+++ b/internal/runtime/executor/claude_executor.go
@@ -578,7 +578,10 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (
 	if refreshToken == "" {
 		return auth, nil
 	}
-	svc := claudeauth.NewClaudeAuth(e.cfg)
+	// Use per-account proxy_url for token refresh, matching the priority in
+	// proxy_helpers.go: auth.ProxyURL > cfg.ProxyURL > env vars.
+	proxyURL := ResolveProxyURL(e.cfg, auth)
+	svc := claudeauth.NewClaudeAuth(e.cfg, proxyURL)
 	td, err := svc.RefreshTokens(ctx, refreshToken)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
diff --git a/internal/runtime/executor/proxy_helpers.go b/internal/runtime/executor/proxy_helpers.go
index ab0f626acc..0e8d2cca7a 100644
--- a/internal/runtime/executor/proxy_helpers.go
+++ b/internal/runtime/executor/proxy_helpers.go
@@ -14,6 +14,24 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/net/proxy"
 )
 
+// ResolveProxyURL returns the effective proxy URL following the standard priority:
+//  1. auth.ProxyURL (per-account override)
+//  2. cfg.ProxyURL  (global config)
+//  3. "" (empty — caller decides fallback behavior)
+func ResolveProxyURL(cfg *config.Config, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) string {
+	if auth != nil {
+		if u := strings.TrimSpace(auth.ProxyURL); u != "" {
+			return u
+		}
+	}
+	if cfg != nil {
+		if u := strings.TrimSpace(cfg.ProxyURL); u != "" {
+			return u
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
 // newProxyAwareHTTPClient creates an HTTP client with proper proxy configuration priority:
 // 1. Use auth.ProxyURL if configured (highest priority)
 // 2. Use cfg.ProxyURL if auth proxy is not configured
@@ -33,16 +51,7 @@ func newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, auth *clip
 		httpClient.Timeout = timeout
 	}
 
-	// Priority 1: Use auth.ProxyURL if configured
-	var proxyURL string
-	if auth != nil {
-		proxyURL = strings.TrimSpace(auth.ProxyURL)
-	}
-
-	// Priority 2: Use cfg.ProxyURL if auth proxy is not configured
-	if proxyURL == "" && cfg != nil {
-		proxyURL = strings.TrimSpace(cfg.ProxyURL)
-	}
+	proxyURL := ResolveProxyURL(cfg, auth)
 
 	// If we have a proxy URL configured, set up the transport
 	if proxyURL != "" {
diff --git a/sdk/cliproxy/auth/conductor.go b/sdk/cliproxy/auth/conductor.go
index ae5b745c98..abb220a605 100644
--- a/sdk/cliproxy/auth/conductor.go
+++ b/sdk/cliproxy/auth/conductor.go
@@ -2178,8 +2178,12 @@ func (m *Manager) refreshAuth(ctx context.Context, id string) {
 		log.Debugf("refresh canceled for %s, %s", auth.Provider, auth.ID)
 		return
 	}
-	log.Debugf("refreshed %s, %s, %v", auth.Provider, auth.ID, err)
 	now := time.Now()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("auth refresh failed for %s/%s: %v", auth.Provider, auth.ID, err)
+	} else {
+		log.Debugf("auth refresh ok for %s/%s", auth.Provider, auth.ID)
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		m.mu.Lock()
 		if current := m.auths[id]; current != nil {