9_python_built_in_functions.ipynb

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 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Python built-in functions & libraries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import time"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "False\n",
      "True\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(bool(0))\n",
    "print(bool(1))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "15"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "eval('10 + 5')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "5"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 11,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "int('5')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "12.0"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 12,
     "metadata": {},
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   ],
   "source": [
    "# float es para numero decimales\n",
    "float('12')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "123"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "int(123.456)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "6"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# len = abreviacion de length\n",
    "len('letras')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "2"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "fruit = ['apple', 'banana']\n",
    "len(fruit)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "55"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 22,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# funcion max = maximo\n",
    "numbers = [5,6,7,8,9,55,1,2]\n",
    "max(numbers)\n",
    "\n",
    "# for num in numbers:\n",
    "#     temporal_number = 0\n",
    "#     if num > temporal_number:\n",
    "#         temporal_number = num"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "min(numbers)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "3\n",
      "4\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# range\n",
    "# 0..4\n",
    "for x in range(3,5):\n",
    "    print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "17"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "numbers = [1,3,5,8]\n",
    "sum(numbers)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "source": [
    "### Import"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "87\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# import, es la importacion de paquetes\n",
    "# paquete: es una coleccion de clases y funciones\n",
    "import random\n",
    "# import nombre_paquete\n",
    "print(random.randint(1, 100))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 40,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "c\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import random\n",
    "list1 = ['a', 'b','c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h' ]\n",
    "# eleccion aleatoria\n",
    "print(random.choice(list1))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1537652053.686066\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import time\n",
    "print(time.time())\n",
    "#El numero que retorna time() es el numero de segundos que han pasado desde\n",
    "#el uno de enero de 1970 (a las cero horas, cero minutos, cero segundos)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def muchos_numeros(max):\n",
    "    t1 = time.time()\n",
    "    for x in range(0, max):\n",
    "        print(x)\n",
    "    t2 = time.time()\n",
    "    print('tardo %s segundos' % (t2-t1))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
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      "tardo 0.022202730178833008 segundos\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "muchos_numeros(100)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Mon May 27 10:30:48 2007\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "import time\n",
    "t = (2007, 5, 27, 10, 30, 48, 0, 0, 0)\n",
    "print(time.asctime(t)) # ascii time\n",
    "# ascii es una codificacion, investigar en wikipedia"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "para ver todas las funciones disponibles de un paquete hacer:\n",
    "- escribir el nombre del paquete seguido de un punto y presionar la tecla TAB\n",
    "- time.localtime()\n",
    "\n",
    "para saber lo que hace cada funcion del paquete es necesario revisar la documentacion\n",
    "https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "May, 27, 07\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# formatear datetime\n",
    "# ver https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#time.strftime\n",
    "# strfrtime = string format time\n",
    "print(time.strftime('%b, %d, %y', t))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# libreria de funciones de python\n",
    "# https://docs.python.org/3/library/index.html"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Ejercicios\n",
    "\n",
    "1. Definir una funcion dentro de la clase de la clase `contacto` que sume la edad de todos los contactos. Utilizar la funcion `sum`.\n",
    "\n",
    "2. Definir una funcion dentro de la clase de la clase `contacto` que regrese el contacto mas joven. Utilizar la funcion `min`.\n",
    "\n",
    "3. Definir una funcion dentro de la clase de la clase `contacto` que regrese el contacto mas viejo. Utilizar la funcion `max`.\n",
    "\n",
    "2. Crear una variable dentro de la clase `contacto` llamada `fecha_modificacion` que sea igual al datetime de cuando se crea el contacto o se modifica el contacto.\n",
    "\n",
    "Pasos (pseudo-codigo)\n",
    "- importar paquete de tiempo\n",
    "- fecha_modificacion = paquete_tiempo.tiempo"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Nota: la importacion de paquete siempre se realiza en la primera celda del notebook"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "09/29/2018\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "print(time.strftime('%m/%d/%Y', time.localtime()))\n",
    "#MM/DD/YYYY"
   ]
  }
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