Feat: add Ruby solutions

Author: remy727

README.md

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 | 35 | Search Insert Position | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0035-search-insert-position.rb) | Easy |
 | 45 | Jump Game II | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0045-jump-game-ii.rb) | Medium |
 | 58 | Length of Last Word | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0058-length-of-last-word.rb) | Easy |
+| 64 | Minimum Path Sum | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0064-minimum-path-sum.rb) | Medium |
 | 66 | Plus One | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0066-plus-one.rb) | Easy |
 | 67 | Add Binary | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0067-add-binary.rb) [Python3](./algorithms/python3/0067-add-binary.py) | Easy |
 | 69 | Sqrt(x) | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0069-sqrtx.rb) | Easy |
@@ -42,13 +43,15 @@
 | 129 | Sum Root to Leaf Numbers | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0129-sum-root-to-leaf-numbers.rb) | Medium |
 | 142 | Linked List Cycle II | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0142-linked-list-cycle-ii.rb) | Medium |
 | 205 | Isomorphic Strings | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0205-isomorphic-strings.rb) | Easy |
+| 206 | Reverse Linked List | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0206-reverse-linked-list.rb) | Easy |
 | 208 | Implement Trie (Prefix Tree) | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0208-implement-trie-prefix-tree.rb) | Medium |
 | 211 | Design Add and Search Words Data Structure | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0211-design-add-and-search-words-data-structure.rb) | Medium |
 | 226 | Invert Binary Tree | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0226-invert-binary-tree.rb) | Easy |
 | 344 | Reverse String | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0344-reverse-string.rb) | Easy |
 | 382 | Linked List Random Node | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0382-linked-list-random-node.rb) | Medium |
 | 387 | First Unique Character in a String | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0387-first-unique-character-in-a-string.rb) | Easy |
 | 392 | Is Subsequence | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0392-is-subsequence.rb) | Easy |
+| 409 | Longest Palindrome | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0409-longest-palindrome.rb) | Easy |
 | 427 | Construct Quad Tree | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0427-construct-quad-tree.rb) | Medium |
 | 438 | Find All Anagrams in a String | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0438-find-all-anagrams-in-a-string.rb) | Medium |
 | 443 | String Compression | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0443-string-compression.rb) [Python3](./algorithms/python3/0443-string-compression.py) | Medium |
@@ -64,6 +67,7 @@
 | 733 | Flood Fill | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0733-flood-fill.rb) | Easy |
 | 783 | Minimum Distance Between BST Nodes | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0783-minimum-distance-between-bst-nodes.rb) [Python3](./algorithms/python3/0783-minimum-distance-between-bst-nodes.py) | Easy |
 | 875 | Koko Eating Bananas | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0875-koko-eating-bananas.rb) [Python3](./algorithms/python3/0875-koko-eating-bananas.py) | Medium |
+| 876 | Middle of the Linked List | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0876-middle-of-the-linked-list.rb) | Easy |
 | 904 | Fruit Into Baskets | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0904-fruit-into-baskets.rb) | Medium |
 | 912 | Sort an Array | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0912-sort-an-array.rb) | Medium |
 | 953 | Verifying an Alien Dictionary | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/0953-verifying-an-alien-dictionary.rb) | Easy |
@@ -86,7 +90,9 @@
 | 1675 | Minimize Deviation in Array | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/1675-minimize-deviation-in-array.rb) | Hard |
 | 1680 | Concatenation of Consecutive Binary Numbers | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/1680-concatenation-of-consecutive-binary-numbers.rb) | Medium |
 | 2187 | Minimum Time to Complete Trips | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/2187-minimum-time-to-complete-trips.rb) [Python3](./algorithms/python3/2187-minimum-time-to-complete-trips.py) | Medium |
+| 2316 | Count Unreachable Pairs of Nodes in an Undirected Graph | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/2316-count-unreachable-pairs-of-nodes-in-an-undirected-graph.rb) | Medium |
 | 2348 | Number of Zero-Filled Subarrays | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/2348-number-of-zero-filled-subarrays.rb) | Medium |
+| 2360 | Longest Cycle in a Graph | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/2360-longest-cycle-in-a-graph.rb) | Hard |
 | 2409 | Count Days Spent Together | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/2409-count-days-spent-together.rb) | Easy |
 | 2413 | Smallest Even Multiple | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/2413-smallest-even-multiple.rb) | Easy |
 | 2444 | Count Subarrays With Fixed Bounds | [Ruby](./algorithms/ruby/2444-count-subarrays-with-fixed-bounds.rb) | Hard |

algorithms/ruby/0064-minimum-path-sum.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# 64. Minimum Path Sum
+# https://leetcode.com/problems/minimum-path-sum
+
+=begin
+
+Given a m x n grid filled with non-negative numbers, find a path from top left to bottom right, which minimizes the sum of all numbers along its path.
+
+Note: You can only move either down or right at any point in time.
+
+### Example 1:
+Input: grid = [[1,3,1],[1,5,1],[4,2,1]]
+Output: 7
+Explanation: Because the path 1 → 3 → 1 → 1 → 1 minimizes the sum.
+
+### Example 2:
+Input: grid = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6]]
+Output: 12
+
+### Constraints:
+* m == grid.length
+* n == grid[i].length
+* 1 <= m, n <= 200
+* 0 <= grid[i][j] <= 100
+
+=end
+
+# Runtime 72 ms
+# Memory 212.3 MB
+# @param {Integer[][]} grid
+# @return {Integer}
+def min_path_sum(grid)
+  acc = [0] + [Float::INFINITY] * (grid[0].size - 1)
+
+  grid.each { |row|
+    left = Float::INFINITY
+    acc.map!.with_index { |n, i| left = row[i] + (left < n ? left : n) }
+  }
+
+  acc.last
+end
+
+# ********************#
+#       TEST         #
+# ********************#
+
+require "test/unit"
+class Test_min_path_sum < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def test_
+    assert_equal 7, min_path_sum([[1, 3, 1], [1, 5, 1], [4, 2, 1]])
+    # assert_equal 12, min_path_sum([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
+  end
+end

algorithms/ruby/0206-reverse-linked-list.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# 206. Reverse Linked List
+# https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-linked-list
+
+=begin
+
+Given the head of a singly linked list, reverse the list, and return the reversed list.
+
+### Example 1:
+Input: head = [1,2,3,4,5]
+Output: [5,4,3,2,1]
+
+### Example 2:
+Input: head = [1,2]
+Output: [2,1]
+
+### Example 3:
+Input: head = []
+Output: []
+
+### Constraints:
+* The number of nodes in the list is the range [0, 5000].
+* -5000 <= Node.val <= 5000
+
+=end
+
+# Definition for singly-linked list.
+# class ListNode
+#     attr_accessor :val, :next
+#     def initialize(val = 0, _next = nil)
+#         @val = val
+#         @next = _next
+#     end
+# end
+# @param {ListNode} head
+# @return {ListNode}
+def reverse_list(head, prev = nil)
+  while head
+    head, head.next, prev = head.next, prev, head
+  end
+  prev
+end

algorithms/ruby/0409-longest-palindrome.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# 409. Longest Palindrome
+# https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-palindrome
+
+=begin
+
+Given a string s which consists of lowercase or uppercase letters, return the length of the longest palindrome that can be built with those letters.
+
+Letters are case sensitive, for example, "Aa" is not considered a palindrome here.
+
+### Example 1:
+Input: s = "abccccdd"
+Output: 7
+Explanation: One longest palindrome that can be built is "dccaccd", whose length is 7.
+
+### Example 2:
+Input: s = "a"
+Output: 1
+Explanation: The longest palindrome that can be built is "a", whose length is 1.
+
+### Constraints:
+* 1 <= s.length <= 2000
+* s consists of lowercase and/or uppercase English letters only.
+
+=end
+
+# Runtime 92 ms
+# Memory 210.9 MB
+# @param {String} s
+# @return {Integer}
+def longest_palindrome(s)
+  [s.size, s.each_char.tally.sum { _2 & ~1 } + 1].min
+end
+
+# **************** #
+#       TEST       #
+# **************** #
+
+require "test/unit"
+class Test_longest_palindrome < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def test_
+    assert_equal 7, longest_palindrome("abccccdd")
+    assert_equal 1, longest_palindrome("a")
+  end
+end

algorithms/ruby/0876-middle-of-the-linked-list.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# 876. Middle of the Linked List
+# https://leetcode.com/problems/middle-of-the-linked-list
+
+=begin
+
+Given the head of a singly linked list, return the middle node of the linked list.
+
+If there are two middle nodes, return the second middle node.
+
+### Example 1:
+Input: head = [1,2,3,4,5]
+Output: [3,4,5]
+Explanation: The middle node of the list is node 3.
+
+### Example 2:
+Input: head = [1,2,3,4,5,6]
+Output: [4,5,6]
+Explanation: Since the list has two middle nodes with values 3 and 4, we return the second one.
+
+### Constraints:
+* The number of nodes in the list is in the range [1, 100].
+* 1 <= Node.val <= 100
+
+=end
+
+# Definition for singly-linked list.
+# class ListNode
+#     attr_accessor :val, :next
+#     def initialize(val = 0, _next = nil)
+#         @val = val
+#         @next = _next
+#     end
+# end
+# @param {ListNode} head
+# @return {ListNode}
+def middle_node(head)
+  slow = fast = head
+  while fast != nil && fast.next != nil
+    slow = slow.next
+    fast = fast.next.next
+  end
+  slow
+end

algorithms/ruby/2316-count-unreachable-pairs-of-nodes-in-an-undirected-graph.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# 2316. Count Unreachable Pairs of Nodes in an Undirected Graph
+# https://leetcode.com/problems/count-unreachable-pairs-of-nodes-in-an-undirected-graph
+
+=begin
+
+You are given an integer n. There is an undirected graph with n nodes, numbered from 0 to n - 1. You are given a 2D integer array edges where edges[i] = [ai, bi] denotes that there exists an undirected edge connecting nodes ai and bi.
+
+Return the number of pairs of different nodes that are unreachable from each other.
+
+### Example 1:
+Input: n = 3, edges = [[0,1],[0,2],[1,2]]
+Output: 0
+Explanation: There are no pairs of nodes that are unreachable from each other. Therefore, we return 0.
+
+### Example 2:
+Input: n = 7, edges = [[0,2],[0,5],[2,4],[1,6],[5,4]]
+Output: 14
+Explanation: There are 14 pairs of nodes that are unreachable from each other:
+[[0,1],[0,3],[0,6],[1,2],[1,3],[1,4],[1,5],[2,3],[2,6],[3,4],[3,5],[3,6],[4,6],[5,6]].
+Therefore, we return 14.
+
+### Constraints:
+* 1 <= n <= 105
+* 0 <= edges.length <= 2 * 105
+* edges[i].length == 2
+* 0 <= ai, bi < n
+* ai != bi
+* There are no repeated edges.
+
+=end
+
+# Runtime: 403 ms
+# Memory Usage: 247.1 MB
+# @param {Integer} n
+# @param {Integer[][]} edges
+# @return {Integer}
+def count_pairs(n, edges)
+  @adj = Array.new(n + 1).map { [] }
+  @v = Array.new(n + 1, false)
+  @total = 0
+  @ans = 0
+  edges.each do |a, b|
+    @adj[a].push(b)
+    @adj[b].push(a)
+  end
+  (0...n).each do |i|
+    next if @v[i]
+    bfs(i)
+  end
+  @ans
+end
+
+def bfs(i)
+  return if @v[i]
+  count = 0
+  q = [i]
+  @v[i] = true
+  while !q.empty?
+    x = q.shift
+    count += 1
+    @ans += @total
+    @adj[x].each do |j|
+      next if @v[j]
+      @v[j] = true
+      q.push(j)
+    end
+  end
+  @total += count
+end
+
+# **************** #
+#       TEST       #
+# **************** #
+
+require "test/unit"
+class Test_count_pairs < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def test_
+    assert_equal 0, count_pairs(3, [[0, 1], [0, 2], [1, 2]])
+    assert_equal 14, count_pairs(7, [[0, 2], [0, 5], [2, 4], [1, 6], [5, 4]])
+  end
+end

algorithms/ruby/2360-longest-cycle-in-a-graph.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+# 2360. Longest Cycle in a Graph
+# https://leetcode.com/problems/longest-cycle-in-a-graph
+
+=begin
+
+You are given a directed graph of n nodes numbered from 0 to n - 1, where each node has at most one outgoing edge.
+
+The graph is represented with a given 0-indexed array edges of size n, indicating that there is a directed edge from node i to node edges[i]. If there is no outgoing edge from node i, then edges[i] == -1.
+
+Return the length of the longest cycle in the graph. If no cycle exists, return -1.
+
+A cycle is a path that starts and ends at the same node.
+
+### Example 1:
+Input: edges = [3,3,4,2,3]
+Output: 3
+Explanation: The longest cycle in the graph is the cycle: 2 -> 4 -> 3 -> 2.
+The length of this cycle is 3, so 3 is returned.
+
+### Example 2:
+Input: edges = [2,-1,3,1]
+Output: -1
+Explanation: There are no cycles in this graph.
+
+### Constraints:
+* n == edges.length
+* 2 <= n <= 105
+* -1 <= edges[i] < n
+* edges[i] != i
+
+=end
+
+# Runtime 379 ms
+# Memory 228.1 MB
+# @param {Integer[]} edges
+# @return {Integer}
+def longest_cycle(edges)
+  max = -1
+
+  edges.size.times do |cur|
+    next if edges[cur] < 0
+    dists = {}
+    dist = 0
+    until cur < 0
+      if dists[cur]
+        cycle = dist - dists[cur]
+        max = cycle if cycle > max
+        break
+      else
+        dists[cur] = dist
+        cur, edges[cur] = edges[cur], -1
+        dist += 1
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  max
+end
+
+# **************** #
+#       TEST       #
+# **************** #
+
+require "test/unit"
+class Test_longest_cycle < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def test_
+    assert_equal 3, longest_cycle([3, 3, 4, 2, 3])
+    assert_equal(-1, longest_cycle([2, -1, 3, 1]))
+  end
+end