| id | title | sidebar_label |
|---|---|---|
sql-functions |
All Druid SQL functions |
All functions |
:::info Apache Druid supports two query languages: Druid SQL and native queries. This document describes the SQL language. :::
This page provides a reference of all Druid SQL functions in alphabetical order. Click the linked function type for documentation on a particular function.
ABS(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the absolute value of a numeric expression.
ACOS(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the arc cosine of a numeric expression.
ANY_VALUE(expr, [maxBytesPerValue, [aggregateMultipleValues]])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns any value of the specified expression.
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Counts distinct values of a regular column or a prebuilt sketch column.
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_BUILTIN(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Counts distinct values of a string, numeric, or hyperUnique column using Druid's built-in cardinality or hyperUnique aggregators.
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_HLL(expr, [<NUMERIC>, <CHARACTER>])
Function type: Aggregation
Counts distinct values of an HLL sketch column or a regular column.
APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT_DS_THETA(expr, [<NUMERIC>])
Function type: Aggregation
Counts distinct values of a Theta sketch column or a regular column.
APPROX_QUANTILE(expr, <NUMERIC>, [<NUMERIC>])
Function type: Aggregation
Deprecated in favor of APPROX_QUANTILE_DS.
APPROX_QUANTILE_DS(expr, <NUMERIC>, [<NUMERIC>])
Function type: Aggregation
Computes approximate quantiles on a Quantiles sketch column or a regular numeric column.
APPROX_QUANTILE_FIXED_BUCKETS(expr, <NUMERIC>, <NUMERIC>, <NUMERIC>, <NUMERIC>, [<CHARACTER>])
Function type: Aggregation
Computes approximate quantiles on fixed buckets histogram column or a regular numeric column.
ARRAY[expr1, expr2, ...]
Function type: Array
Constructs a SQL ARRAY literal from the expression arguments. The arguments must be of the same type.
ARRAY_AGG([DISTINCT] expr, [<NUMERIC>])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns an array of all values of the specified expression.
ARRAY_APPEND(arr1, expr)
Function type: Array
Appends expr to arr, the resulting array type determined by the type of arr1.
ARRAY_CONCAT(arr1, arr2)
Function type: Array
Concatenates arr2 to arr1. The resulting array type is determined by the type of arr1.|
ARRAY_CONCAT_AGG([DISTINCT] expr, [<NUMERIC>])
Function type: Aggregation
Concatenates array inputs into a single array.
ARRAY_CONTAINS(arr, expr)
Function type: Array
If expr is a scalar type, returns true if arr contains expr. If expr is an array, returns 1 if arr contains all elements of expr. Otherwise returns false.
ARRAY_LENGTH(arr)
Function type: Array
Returns length of the array expression.
ARRAY_OFFSET(arr, long)
Function type: Array
Returns the array element at the 0-based index supplied, or null for an out of range index.
ARRAY_OFFSET_OF(arr, expr)
Function type: Array
Returns the 0-based index of the first occurrence of expr in the array. If no matching elements exist in the array, returns null or -1 if druid.generic.useDefaultValueForNull=true (deprecated legacy mode).
Function type: Array
ARRAY_ORDINAL(arr, long)
Returns the array element at the 1-based index supplied, or null for an out of range index.
ARRAY_ORDINAL_OF(arr, expr)
Function type: Array
Returns the 1-based index of the first occurrence of expr in the array. If no matching elements exist in the array, returns null or -1 if druid.generic.useDefaultValueForNull=true (deprecated legacy mode).
ARRAY_OVERLAP(arr1, arr2)
Function type: Array
Returns true if arr1 and arr2 have any elements in common, else false.
SCALAR_IN_ARRAY(expr, arr)
Function type: Array
Returns true if the scalar expr is present in arr. Otherwise, returns false if the scalar expr is non-null or
UNKNOWN if the scalar expr is NULL.
Returns UNKNOWN if arr is NULL.
ARRAY_PREPEND(expr, arr)
Function type: Array
Prepends expr to arr at the beginning, the resulting array type determined by the type of arr.
ARRAY_SLICE(arr, start, end)
Function type: Array
Returns the subarray of arr from the 0-based index start (inclusive) to end (exclusive). Returns null, if start is less than 0, greater than length of arr, or greater than end.
ARRAY_TO_MV(arr)
Function type: Array
Converts an ARRAY of any type into a multi-value string VARCHAR.
ARRAY_TO_STRING(arr, str)
Function type: Array
Joins all elements of arr by the delimiter specified by str.
ASIN(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the arc sine of a numeric expression.
ATAN(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the arc tangent of a numeric expression.
ATAN2(<NUMERIC>, <NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the arc tangent of the two arguments.
AVG(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Aggregation
Calculates the average of a set of values.
BIT_AND(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Performs a bitwise AND operation on all input values.
BIT_OR(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Performs a bitwise OR operation on all input values.
BIT_XOR(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Performs a bitwise XOR operation on all input values.
BITWISE_AND(expr1, expr2)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns the bitwise AND between the two expressions, that is, expr1 & expr2.
BITWISE_COMPLEMENT(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns the bitwise NOT for the expression, that is, ~expr.
BITWISE_CONVERT_DOUBLE_TO_LONG_BITS(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts the bits of an IEEE 754 floating-point double value to a long.
BITWISE_CONVERT_LONG_BITS_TO_DOUBLE(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts a long to the IEEE 754 floating-point double specified by the bits stored in the long.
BITWISE_OR(expr1, expr2)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns the bitwise OR between the two expressions, that is, expr1 | expr2.
BITWISE_SHIFT_LEFT(expr1, expr2)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns a bitwise left shift of expr1, that is, expr1 << expr2.
BITWISE_SHIFT_RIGHT(expr1, expr2)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns a bitwise right shift of expr1, that is, expr1 >> expr2.
BITWISE_XOR(expr1, expr2)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns the bitwise exclusive OR between the two expressions, that is, expr1 ^ expr2.
BLOOM_FILTER(expr, <NUMERIC>)
Function type: Aggregation
Computes a Bloom filter from values produced by the specified expression.
BLOOM_FILTER_TEST(expr, <STRING>)
Function type: Scalar, other
Returns true if the expression is contained in a Base64-serialized Bloom filter.
BTRIM(<CHARACTER>, [<CHARACTER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Trims characters from both the leading and trailing ends of an expression.
CASE expr WHEN value1 THEN result1 \[ WHEN value2 THEN result2 ... \] \[ ELSE resultN \] END
Function type: Scalar, other
Returns a result based on a given condition.
CAST(value AS TYPE)
Function type: Scalar, other
Converts a value into the specified data type.
CEIL(<TIMESTAMP> TO <TIME_UNIT>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Rounds up a timestamp by a given time unit.
CEIL(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the smallest integer value greater than or equal to the numeric expression.
CHAR_LENGTH(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Alias for LENGTH.
CHARACTER_LENGTH(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Alias for LENGTH.
COALESCE(expr, expr, ...)
Function type: Scalar, other
Returns the first non-null value.
CONCAT(expr, expr...)
Function type: Scalar, string
Concatenates a list of expressions.
CONTAINS_STRING(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)
Function type: Scalar, string
Finds whether a string is in a given expression, case-sensitive.
COS(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the trigonometric cosine of an angle expressed in radians.
COT(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the trigonometric cotangent of an angle expressed in radians.
COUNT([DISTINCT] expr)
COUNT(*)
Function type: Aggregation
Counts the number of rows.
CUME_DIST()
Function type: Window
Returns the cumulative distribution of the current row within the window calculated as number of window rows at the same rank or higher than current row / total window rows. The return value ranges between 1/number of rows and 1.
CURRENT_DATE
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Returns the current date in the connection's time zone.
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Returns the current timestamp in the connection's time zone.
DATE_TRUNC(<CHARACTER>, <TIMESTAMP>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Rounds down a timestamp by a given time unit.
DECODE_BASE64_COMPLEX(dataType, expr)
Function type: Scalar, other
Decodes a Base64-encoded string into a complex data type, where dataType is the complex data type and expr is the Base64-encoded string to decode.
DECODE_BASE64_UTF8(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Decodes a Base64-encoded string into a UTF-8 encoded string.
DEGREES(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts an angle from radians to degrees.
DENSE_RANK()
Function type: Window
Returns the rank for a row within a window without gaps. For example, if two rows tie for a rank of 1, the subsequent row is ranked 2.
DIV(x, y)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns the result of integer division of x by y.
DS_CDF(expr, splitPoint0, splitPoint1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a string representing an approximation to the Cumulative Distribution Function given the specified bin definition.
DS_GET_QUANTILE(expr, fraction)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns the quantile estimate corresponding to fraction from a quantiles sketch.
DS_GET_QUANTILES(expr, fraction0, fraction1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a string representing an array of quantile estimates corresponding to a list of fractions from a quantiles sketch.
DS_HISTOGRAM(expr, splitPoint0, splitPoint1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a string representing an approximation to the histogram given the specified bin definition.
DS_HLL(expr, [lgK, tgtHllType])
Function type: Aggregation
Creates an HLL sketch on a column containing HLL sketches or a regular column.
DS_QUANTILE_SUMMARY(expr)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a string summary of a quantiles sketch.
DS_QUANTILES_SKETCH(expr, [k])
Function type: Aggregation
Creates a Quantiles sketch on a column containing Quantiles sketches or a regular column.
DS_RANK(expr, value)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns an approximate rank between 0 and 1 of a given value, in which the rank signifies the fraction of the distribution less than the given value.
DS_THETA(expr, [size])
Function type: Aggregation
Creates a Theta sketch on a column containing Theta sketches or a regular column.
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES(expr, [nominalEntries])
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES(dimensionColumnExpr, metricColumnExpr, ..., [nominalEntries])
Function type: Aggregation
Creates a Tuple sketch which contains an array of double values as the Summary Object. If the last value of the array is a numeric literal, Druid assumes that the value is an override parameter for nominal entries.
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES_INTERSECT(expr, ..., [nominalEntries])
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns an intersection of Tuple sketches which each contain an array of double values as their Summary Objects. The values contained in the Summary Objects are summed when combined. If the last value of the array is a numeric literal, Druid assumes that the value is an override parameter for nominal entries.
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES_METRICS_SUM_ESTIMATE(expr)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Computes approximate sums of the values contained within a Tuple sketch which contains an array of double values as the Summary Object.
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES_NOT(expr, ..., [nominalEntries])
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a set difference of Tuple sketches which each contain an array of double values as their Summary Objects. The values contained in the Summary Object are preserved as is. If the last value of the array is a numeric literal, Druid assumes that the value is an override parameter for nominal entries.
DS_TUPLE_DOUBLES_UNION(expr, ..., [nominalEntries])
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a union of Tuple sketches which each contain an array of double values as their Summary Objects. The values contained in the Summary Objects are summed when combined. If the last value of the array is a numeric literal, Druid assumes that the value is an override parameter for nominal entries.
EARLIEST(expr, [maxBytesPerValue])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the value of a numeric or string expression corresponding to the earliest __time value.
EARLIEST_BY(expr, timestampExpr, [maxBytesPerValue])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the value of a numeric or string expression corresponding to the earliest time value from timestampExpr.
EXP(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates e raised to the power of the numeric expression.
EXTRACT(<TIME_UNIT> FROM <TIMESTAMP>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Extracts the value of some unit of the timestamp, optionally from a certain time zone, and returns the number.
FIRST_VALUE(expr)
Function type: Window
Returns the value evaluated for the expression for the first row within the window.
FLOOR(<TIMESTAMP> TO <TIME_UNIT>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Rounds down a timestamp by a given time unit.
FLOOR(<NUMERIC>)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the largest integer value less than or equal to the numeric expression.
GREATEST([expr1, ...])
Function type: Scalar, reduction
Returns the maximum value from the provided arguments.
GROUPING(expr, expr...)
Function type: Aggregation
Returns a number for each output row of a groupBy query, indicating whether the specified dimension is included for that row.
HLL_SKETCH_ESTIMATE(expr, [round])
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns the distinct count estimate from an HLL sketch.
HLL_SKETCH_ESTIMATE_WITH_ERROR_BOUNDS(expr, [numStdDev])
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns the distinct count estimate and error bounds from an HLL sketch.
HLL_SKETCH_TO_STRING(expr)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a human-readable string representation of an HLL sketch.
HLL_SKETCH_UNION([lgK, tgtHllType], expr0, expr1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a union of HLL sketches.
HUMAN_READABLE_BINARY_BYTE_FORMAT(value[, precision])
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts an integer byte size into human-readable IEC format.
HUMAN_READABLE_DECIMAL_BYTE_FORMAT(value[, precision])
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts a byte size into human-readable SI format.
HUMAN_READABLE_DECIMAL_FORMAT(value[, precision])
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts a byte size into human-readable SI format with single-character units.
ICONTAINS_STRING(<expr>, str)
Function type: Scalar, string
Finds whether a string is in a given expression, case-insensitive.
IPV4_MATCH(address, subnet)
Function type: Scalar, IP address
Returns true if the IPv4 address belongs to the subnet literal, else false.
IPV4_PARSE(address)
Function type: Scalar, IP address
Parses address into an IPv4 address stored as an integer.
IPV4_STRINGIFY(address)
Function type: Scalar, IP address
Converts address into an IPv4 address in dot-decimal notation.
IPV6_MATCH(address, subnet)
Function type: Scalar, IP address
Returns true if the IPv6 address belongs to the subnet literal, else false.
Function type: JSON
JSON_KEYS(expr, path)
Returns an array of field names from expr at the specified path.
Function type: JSON
JSON_OBJECT(KEY expr1 VALUE expr2[, KEY expr3 VALUE expr4, ...])
Constructs a new COMPLEX<json> object. The KEY expressions must evaluate to string types. The VALUE expressions can be composed of any input type, including other COMPLEX<json> values. JSON_OBJECT can accept colon-separated key-value pairs. The following syntax is equivalent: JSON_OBJECT(expr1:expr2[, expr3:expr4, ...]).
Function type: JSON
JSON_PATHS(expr)
Returns an array of all paths which refer to literal values in expr in JSONPath format.
Function type: JSON
JSON_QUERY(expr, path)
Extracts a COMPLEX<json> value from expr, at the specified path.
Function type: JSON
JSON_QUERY_ARRAY(expr, path)
Extracts an ARRAY<COMPLEX<json>> value from expr at the specified path. If value is not an ARRAY, it gets translated into a single element ARRAY containing the value at path. The primary use of this function is to extract arrays of objects to use as inputs to other array functions.
Function type: JSON
JSON_VALUE(expr, path [RETURNING sqlType])
Extracts a literal value from expr at the specified path. If you specify RETURNING and an SQL type name (such as VARCHAR, BIGINT, DOUBLE, etc) the function plans the query using the suggested type. Otherwise, it attempts to infer the type based on the context. If it can't infer the type, it defaults to VARCHAR.
LAG(expr[, offset])
Function type: Window
If you do not supply an offset, returns the value evaluated at the row preceding the current row. Specify an offset number n to return the value evaluated at n rows preceding the current one.
LAST_VALUE(expr)
Function type: Window
Returns the value evaluated for the expression for the last row within the window.
LATEST(expr, [maxBytesPerValue])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the value of a numeric or string expression corresponding to the latest __time value.
LATEST_BY(expr, timestampExpr, [maxBytesPerValue])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the value of a numeric or string expression corresponding to the latest time value from timestampExpr.
LEAD(expr[, offset])
Function type: Window
If you do not supply an offset, returns the value evaluated at the row following the current row. Specify an offset number n to return the value evaluated at n rows following the current one; if there is no such row, returns the given default value.
LEAST([expr1, ...])
Function type: Scalar, reduction
Returns the minimum value from the provided arguments.
LEFT(expr, [length])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the leftmost number of characters from an expression.
LENGTH(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the length of the expression in UTF-16 encoding.
LN(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the natural logarithm of the numeric expression.
LOG10(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the base-10 of the numeric expression.
LOOKUP(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>[, <CHARACTER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Looks up the expression in a registered query-time lookup table.
LOWER(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the expression in lowercase.
LPAD(<CHARACTER>, <INTEGER>, [<CHARACTER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the leftmost number of characters from an expression, optionally padded with the given characters.
LTRIM(<CHARACTER>, [<CHARACTER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Trims characters from the leading end of an expression.
MAX(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the maximum value of a set of values.
MILLIS_TO_TIMESTAMP(millis_expr)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Converts a number of milliseconds since epoch into a timestamp.
MIN(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the minimum value of a set of values.
MOD(x, y)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates x modulo y, or the remainder of x divided by y.
MV_APPEND(arr1, expr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Adds the expression to the end of the array.
MV_CONCAT(arr1, arr2)
Function type: Multi-value string
Concatenates two arrays.
MV_CONTAINS(arr, expr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns true if the expression is in the array, false otherwise.
MV_FILTER_NONE(expr, arr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Filters a multi-value expression to include no values contained in the array.
MV_FILTER_ONLY(expr, arr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Filters a multi-value expression to include only values contained in the array.
MV_LENGTH(arr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns the length of an array expression.
MV_OFFSET(arr, long)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns the array element at the given zero-based index.
MV_OFFSET_OF(arr, expr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns the zero-based index of the first occurrence of a given expression in the array.
MV_ORDINAL(arr, long)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns the array element at the given one-based index.
MV_ORDINAL_OF(arr, expr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns the one-based index of the first occurrence of a given expression.
MV_OVERLAP(arr1, arr2)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns true if the two arrays have any elements in common, false otherwise.
MV_PREPEND(expr, arr)
Function type: Multi-value string
Adds the expression to the beginning of the array.
MV_SLICE(arr, start, end)
Function type: Multi-value string
Returns a slice of the array from the zero-based start and end indexes.
MV_TO_STRING(arr, str)
Function type: Multi-value string
Joins all elements of the array together by the given delimiter.
NTILE(tiles)
Function type: Window
Divides the rows within a window as evenly as possible into the number of tiles, also called buckets, and returns the value of the tile that the row falls into.
NULLIF(value1, value2)
Function type: Scalar, other
Returns NULL if two values are equal, else returns the first value.
NVL(e1, e2)
Function type: Scalar, other
Returns e2 if e1 is null, else returns e1.
Function type: JSON
PARSE_JSON(expr)
Parses expr into a COMPLEX<json> object. This operator deserializes JSON values when processing them, translating stringified JSON into a nested structure. If the input is not a VARCHAR or it is invalid JSON, this function will result in an error.
PARSE_LONG(<CHARACTER>, [<INTEGER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Converts a string into a BIGINT with the given base or into a DECIMAL data type if the base is not specified.
PERCENT_RANK()
Function type: Window
Returns the relative rank of the row calculated as a percentage according to the formula: RANK() OVER (window) / COUNT(1) OVER (window).
POSITION(<CHARACTER> IN <CHARACTER> [FROM <INTEGER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the one-based index position of a substring within an expression, optionally starting from a given one-based index.
POWER(expr, power)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates a numerical expression raised to the specified power.
RADIANS(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Converts an angle from degrees to radians.
RANK()
Function type: Window
Returns the rank with gaps for a row within a window. For example, if two rows tie for rank 1, the next rank is 3.
REGEXP_EXTRACT(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>, [<INTEGER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Applies a regular expression to the string expression and returns the _n_th match.
REGEXP_LIKE(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns true or false signifying whether the regular expression finds a match in the string expression.
REGEXP_REPLACE(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)
Function type: Scalar, string
Replaces all occurrences of a regular expression in a string expression with a replacement string. The replacement
string may refer to capture groups using $1, $2, etc.
REPEAT(<CHARACTER>, [<INTEGER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Repeats the string expression an integer number of times.
REPLACE(expr, pattern, replacement)
Function type: Scalar, string
Replaces a pattern with another string in the given expression.
REVERSE(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Reverses the given expression.
RIGHT(expr, [length])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the rightmost number of characters from an expression.
ROUND(expr[, digits])
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the rounded value for a numerical expression.
ROW_NUMBER()
Function type: Window
Returns the number of the row within the window starting from 1.
RPAD(<CHARACTER>, <INTEGER>, [<CHARACTER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the rightmost number of characters from an expression, optionally padded with the given characters.
RTRIM(<CHARACTER>, [<CHARACTER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Trims characters from the trailing end of an expression.
SAFE_DIVIDE(x, y)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Returns x divided by y, guarded on division by 0.
SIN(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the trigonometric sine of an angle expressed in radians.
SQRT(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the square root of a numeric expression.
STDDEV(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Alias for STDDEV_SAMP.
STDDEV_POP(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Calculates the population standard deviation of a set of values.
STDDEV_SAMP(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Calculates the sample standard deviation of a set of values.
STRING_AGG(expr, separator, [size])
Function type: Aggregation
Collects all values of an expression into a single string.
STRING_TO_ARRAY(str1, str2)
Function type: Array
Splits str1 into an array on the delimiter specified by str2, which is a regular expression.
STRING_FORMAT(pattern[, args...])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns a string formatted in accordance to Java's String.format method.
STRING_TO_MV(str1, str2)
Function type: Multi-value string
Splits str1 into an multi-value string on the delimiter specified by str2, which is a regular expression.
STRLEN(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Alias for LENGTH.
STRPOS(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the one-based index position of a substring within an expression.
SUBSTR(<CHARACTER>, <INTEGER>, [<INTEGER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Alias for SUBSTRING.
SUBSTRING(<CHARACTER>, <INTEGER>, [<INTEGER>])
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns a substring of the expression starting at a given one-based index.
SUM(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Calculates the sum of a set of values.
TAN(expr)
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Calculates the trigonometric tangent of an angle expressed in radians.
TDIGEST_GENERATE_SKETCH(expr, [compression])
Function type: Aggregation
Generates a T-digest sketch from values of the specified expression.
TDIGEST_QUANTILE(expr, quantileFraction, [compression])
Function type: Aggregation
Returns the quantile for the specified fraction from a T-Digest sketch constructed from values of the expression.
TEXTCAT(<CHARACTER>, <CHARACTER>)
Function type: Scalar, string
Concatenates two string expressions.
THETA_SKETCH_ESTIMATE(expr)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns the distinct count estimate from a Theta sketch.
THETA_SKETCH_ESTIMATE_WITH_ERROR_BOUNDS(expr, errorBoundsStdDev)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns the distinct count estimate and error bounds from a Theta sketch.
THETA_SKETCH_INTERSECT([size], expr0, expr1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns an intersection of Theta sketches.
THETA_SKETCH_NOT([size], expr0, expr1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a set difference of Theta sketches.
THETA_SKETCH_UNION([size], expr0, expr1, ...)
Function type: Scalar, sketch
Returns a union of Theta sketches.
TIME_CEIL(<TIMESTAMP>, <period>, [<origin>, [<timezone>]])
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Rounds up a timestamp by a given time period, optionally from some reference time or timezone.
TIME_EXTRACT(<TIMESTAMP>, [<unit>, [<timezone>]])
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Extracts the value of some unit of the timestamp and returns the number.
TIME_FLOOR(<TIMESTAMP>, <period>, [<origin>, [<timezone>]])
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Rounds down a timestamp by a given time period, optionally from some reference time or timezone.
TIME_FORMAT(<TIMESTAMP>, [<pattern>, [<timezone>]])
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Formats a timestamp as a string.
TIME_IN_INTERVAL(<TIMESTAMP>, <CHARACTER>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Returns whether a timestamp is contained within a particular interval, formatted as a string.
TIME_PARSE(<string_expr>, [<pattern>, [<timezone>]])
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Parses a string into a timestamp.
TIME_SHIFT(<TIMESTAMP>, <period>, <step>, [<timezone>])
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Shifts a timestamp forwards or backwards by a given number of time units.
TIMESTAMP_TO_MILLIS(<TIMESTAMP>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Returns the number of milliseconds since epoch for the given timestamp.
TIMESTAMPADD(<unit>, <count>, <TIMESTAMP>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Adds a certain amount of time to a given timestamp.
TIMESTAMPDIFF(<unit>, <TIMESTAMP>, <TIMESTAMP>)
Function type: Scalar, date and time
Takes the difference between two timestamps, returning the results in the given units.
Function type: JSON
TO_JSON_STRING(expr)
Serializes expr into a JSON string.
TRIM([BOTH|LEADING|TRAILING] [<chars> FROM] expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Trims the leading or trailing characters of an expression.
TRUNC(expr[, digits])
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Alias for TRUNCATE.
TRUNCATE(expr[, digits])
Function type: Scalar, numeric
Truncates a numerical expression to a specific number of decimal digits.
Function type: JSON
TRY_PARSE_JSON(expr)
Parses expr into a COMPLEX<json> object. This operator deserializes JSON values when processing them, translating stringified JSON into a nested structure. If the input is not a VARCHAR or it is invalid JSON, this function will result in a NULL value.
UNNEST(source_expression) as table_alias_name(column_alias_name)
Unnests a source expression that includes arrays into a target column with an aliased name.
For more information, see UNNEST.
UPPER(expr)
Function type: Scalar, string
Returns the expression in uppercase.
VAR_POP(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Calculates the population variance of a set of values.
VAR_SAMP(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Calculates the sample variance of a set of values.
VARIANCE(expr)
Function type: Aggregation
Alias for VAR_SAMP.