Add GraalPy 25 and remove workarounds for that version.

Author: timfel

README.md

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ While cibuildwheel itself requires a recent Python version to run (we support th
 | PyPy 3.10 v7.3     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 | PyPy 3.11 v7.3     | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | ✅¹  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 | GraalPy 3.11 v24.2 | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | N/A  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
+| GraalPy 3.12 v25.0 | ✅ | ✅  | ✅  | N/A | N/A | ✅¹ | N/A  | ✅¹ | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
 
 <sup>¹ PyPy & GraalPy are only supported for manylinux wheels.</sup><br>
 <sup>² Windows arm64 support is experimental.</sup><br>

bin/update_pythons.py

@@ -127,7 +127,9 @@ def update_version(self, identifier: str, spec: Specifier) -> ConfigUrl:
             raise RuntimeError(msg)
 
         gpspec_str = identifier.split("-")[0].split("_")[1]
-        gpspec = Specifier("==24.2.*") if gpspec_str == "242" else Specifier(f"=={gpspec_str}.*")
+        if "." not in gpspec_str and len(gpspec_str) == 3:
+            gpspec_str = gpspec_str[:2] + "." + gpspec_str[-1]
+        gpspec = Specifier(f"=={gpspec_str}.*")
 
         releases = [r for r in self.releases if spec.contains(r["python_version"])]
         releases = [r for r in self.releases if gpspec.contains(r["graalpy_version"])]

cibuildwheel/platforms/windows.py

@@ -339,11 +339,11 @@ def setup_python(
         setup_setuptools_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
         setup_rust_cross_compile(tmp, python_configuration, python_libs_base, env)
 
-    if implementation_id.startswith("gp"):
-        # GraalPy fails to discover compilers, setup the relevant environment
+    if implementation_id.startswith("gp311"):
+        # GraalPy 24 fails to discover compilers, setup the relevant environment
         # variables. Adapted from
         # https://github.com/microsoft/vswhere/wiki/Start-Developer-Command-Prompt
-        # Remove when https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/492 is fixed.
+        # Remove when GraalPy 24.x is dropped.
         vcpath = call(
             Path(os.environ["PROGRAMFILES(X86)"])
             / "Microsoft Visual Studio"
@@ -453,15 +453,15 @@ def build(options: Options, tmp_path: Path) -> None:
                 )
 
                 if (
-                    config.identifier.startswith("gp")
+                    config.identifier.startswith("gp311")
                     and build_frontend.name == "build"
                     and "--no-isolation" not in extra_flags
                     and "-n" not in extra_flags
                 ):
-                    # GraalPy fails to discover its standard library when a venv is created
+                    # GraalPy 24 fails to discover its standard library when a venv is created
                     # from a virtualenv seeded executable. See
                     # https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/491 and remove this once
-                    # fixed upstream.
+                    # GraalPy 24 is dropped.
                     log.notice(
                         "Disabling build isolation to workaround GraalPy bug. If the build fails, consider using pip or build[uv] as build frontend."
                     )

cibuildwheel/resources/build-platforms.toml

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-manylinux_x86_64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native" },
   { identifier = "cp38-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/cp38-cp38" },
   { identifier = "cp39-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/cp39-cp39" },
   { identifier = "cp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/cp310-cp310" },
@@ -73,6 +74,7 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp311-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/pp311-pypy311_pp73" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.11", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-manylinux_aarch64", version = "3.12", path_str = "/opt/python/graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native" },
   { identifier = "pp38-manylinux_i686", version = "3.8", path_str = "/opt/python/pp38-pypy38_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp39-manylinux_i686", version = "3.9", path_str = "/opt/python/pp39-pypy39_pp73" },
   { identifier = "pp310-manylinux_i686", version = "3.10", path_str = "/opt/python/pp310-pypy310_pp73" },
@@ -181,6 +183,8 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp311-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-macos_arm64.tar.bz2" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-macosx_arm64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_x86_64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.0/graalpy-25.0.0-macos-amd64.tar.gz" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-macosx_arm64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.0/graalpy-25.0.0-macos-aarch64.tar.gz" },
 ]
 
 [windows]
@@ -216,6 +220,7 @@ python_configurations = [
   { identifier = "pp310-win_amd64", version = "3.10", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.10-v7.3.19-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "pp311-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://downloads.python.org/pypy/pypy3.11-v7.3.20-win64.zip" },
   { identifier = "gp311_242-win_amd64", version = "3.11", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-24.2.2/graalpy-24.2.2-windows-amd64.zip" },
+  { identifier = "gp312_250-win_amd64", version = "3.12", url = "https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-25.0.0/graalpy-25.0.0-windows-amd64.zip" },
 ]
 
 [pyodide]

cibuildwheel/resources/pinned_docker_images.cfg

@@ -1,53 +1,53 @@
 [x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.09.13-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2025.09.13-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.09.16-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_x86_64:2025.09.16-1
 
 [i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2025.09.13-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2025.09.13-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2025.09.16-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_i686:2025.09.16-1
 
 [aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.09.13-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2025.09.13-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.09.16-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_aarch64:2025.09.16-1
 
 [ppc64le]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2025.09.13-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2025.09.13-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_ppc64le:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_ppc64le:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_ppc64le:2025.09.16-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_ppc64le:2025.09.16-1
 
 [s390x]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2025.09.13-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2025.09.13-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_s390x:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_s390x:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_s390x:2025.09.16-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_s390x:2025.09.16-1
 
 [pypy_x86_64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.09.13-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_x86_64:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_x86_64:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_x86_64:2025.09.16-1
 
 [pypy_i686]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2025.09.13-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_i686:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_i686:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_i686:2025.09.16-1
 
 [pypy_aarch64]
-manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.09.13-2
-manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.09.13-2
+manylinux2014 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux2014_aarch64:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_28 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_28_aarch64:2025.09.16-1
+manylinux_2_34 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_34_aarch64:2025.09.16-1
 
 [armv7l]
-manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2025.09.13-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2025.09.13-2
+manylinux_2_31 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_31_armv7l:2025.09.16-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_armv7l:2025.09.16-1
 
 [riscv64]
-manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2025.09.13-2
-musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2025.09.13-2
+manylinux_2_39 = quay.io/pypa/manylinux_2_39_riscv64:2025.09.16-1
+musllinux_1_2 = quay.io/pypa/musllinux_1_2_riscv64:2025.09.16-1
 

docs/options.md

@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ When setting the options, you can use shell-style globbing syntax, as per [fnmat
 | PyPy3.10 v7.3 | pp310-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp310-macosx_arm64                             | pp310-win_amd64                                     | pp310-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp310-manylinux_i686                                                     | pp310-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | PyPy3.11 v7.3 | pp311-macosx_x86_64<br/>pp311-macosx_arm64                             | pp311-win_amd64                                     | pp311-manylinux_x86_64<br/>pp311-manylinux_i686                                                     | pp311-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                  |                                                                                                   |                      |
 | GraalPy 3.11 v24.2 | gp311_242-macosx_x86_64<br/>gp311_242-macosx_arm64                             | gp311_242-win_amd64                                     | gp311_242-manylinux_x86_64                                                                              | gp311_242-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                                                                   |                      |
+| GraalPy 3.12 v25.0 | gp312_250-macosx_x86_64<br/>gp312_250-macosx_arm64                             | gp312_250-win_amd64                                     | gp312_250-manylinux_x86_64                                                                              | gp312_250-manylinux_aarch64                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       |                                                                                                   |                      |
 
 The list of supported and currently selected build identifiers can also be retrieved by passing the `--print-build-identifiers` flag to cibuildwheel.
 The format is `python_tag-platform_tag`, with tags similar to those in [PEP 425](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0425/#details).

test/test_abi_variants.py

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ def test_abi3(tmp_path):
         add_env={
             # free_threaded, GraalPy, and PyPy do not have a Py_LIMITED_API equivalent, just build one of those
             # also limit the number of builds for test performance reasons
-            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-* cp310-* pp310-* gp311_242-* cp312-* cp313t-*",
+            "CIBW_BUILD": "cp39-* cp310-* pp310-* gp312_250-* cp312-* cp313t-*",
             "CIBW_ENABLE": "all",
         },
     )
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def test_abi3(tmp_path):
                 "cp310-abi3",  # <-- ABI3, works with 3.10 and 3.12
                 "cp313-cp313t",
                 "pp310-pypy310_pp73",
-                "graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native",
+                "graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native",
             ],
         )
 

test/test_dependency_versions.py

@@ -140,11 +140,11 @@ def test_dependency_constraints(method, tmp_path, build_frontend_env_nouv):
         and method == "file"
         and build_frontend_env_nouv["CIBW_BUILD_FRONTEND"] == "build"
     ):
-        # GraalPy fails to discover its standard library when a venv is created
+        # GraalPy 24 fails to discover its standard library when a venv is created
         # from a virtualenv seeded executable. See
         # https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/491 and remove this once
-        # fixed upstream.
-        build_frontend_env_nouv["CIBW_SKIP"] = "gp*"
+        # GraalPy 24 is dropped
+        build_frontend_env_nouv["CIBW_SKIP"] = "gp311*"
 
     for package_name, version in tool_versions.items():
         env_name = f"EXPECTED_{package_name.upper()}_VERSION"
@@ -172,6 +172,6 @@ def test_dependency_constraints(method, tmp_path, build_frontend_env_nouv):
     ):
         # See reference to https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/issues/491
         # above
-        expected_wheels = [w for w in expected_wheels if "graalpy" not in w]
+        expected_wheels = [w for w in expected_wheels if "graalpy311" not in w]
 
     assert set(actual_wheels) == set(expected_wheels)

test/utils.py

@@ -308,6 +308,7 @@ def _expected_wheels(
         if EnableGroup.GraalPy in enable_groups:
             python_abi_tags += [
                 "graalpy311-graalpy242_311_native",
+                "graalpy312-graalpy250_312_native",
             ]
 
     if machine_arch == "ARM64" and platform == "windows":
@@ -367,6 +368,11 @@ def _expected_wheels(
                     min_macosx = macosx_deployment_target
                 else:
                     min_macosx = _floor_macosx(macosx_deployment_target, "10.13")
+            elif python_abi_tag.startswith("graalpy"):
+                if python_abi_tag.startswith("graalpy311"):
+                    min_macosx = macosx_deployment_target
+                else:
+                    min_macosx = _floor_macosx(macosx_deployment_target, "10.13")
             else:
                 min_macosx = macosx_deployment_target
 

unit_test/option_prepare_test.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 from cibuildwheel.util import file
 
 DEFAULT_IDS = {"cp38", "cp39", "cp310", "cp311", "cp312", "cp313", "cp314", "cp314t"}
-ALL_IDS = DEFAULT_IDS | {"cp313t", "pp38", "pp39", "pp310", "pp311", "gp311_242"}
+ALL_IDS = DEFAULT_IDS | {"cp313t", "pp38", "pp39", "pp310", "pp311", "gp311_242", "gp312_250"}
 
 
 @pytest.fixture
@@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ def test_build_with_override_launches(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
             "pp310",
             "pp311",
             "gp311_242",
+            "gp312_250",
         }
     }
     assert kwargs["options"].build_options("cp39-manylinux_x86_64").before_all == ""
@@ -186,6 +187,7 @@ def test_build_with_override_launches(monkeypatch, tmp_path):
             "pp310",
             "pp311",
             "gp311_242",
+            "gp312_250",
         ]
     }