diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/CMakeLists.txt b/cpp/src/parquet/CMakeLists.txt
index e98b1ebcc442..3cbf074b2450 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ endif()
 
 if(PARQUET_REQUIRE_ENCRYPTION)
   list(APPEND PARQUET_SHARED_PRIVATE_LINK_LIBS ${ARROW_OPENSSL_LIBS})
-  set(PARQUET_SRCS ${PARQUET_SRCS} encryption/encryption_internal.cc
+  set(PARQUET_SRCS ${PARQUET_SRCS} encryption/aes_encryption.cc
                    encryption/encryption_utils.cc
                    encryption/openssl_internal.cc)
   # Encryption key management
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ if(PARQUET_REQUIRE_ENCRYPTION)
       encryption/key_toolkit_internal.cc
       encryption/local_wrap_kms_client.cc)
 else()
-  set(PARQUET_SRCS ${PARQUET_SRCS} encryption/encryption_internal_nossl.cc)
+  set(PARQUET_SRCS ${PARQUET_SRCS} encryption/aes_encryption_nossl.cc)
 endif()
 
 if(NOT PARQUET_MINIMAL_DEPENDENCY)
@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ add_parquet_test(arrow-internals-test SOURCES arrow/path_internal_test.cc
 if(PARQUET_REQUIRE_ENCRYPTION)
   add_parquet_test(encryption-test
                    SOURCES
-                   encryption/encryption_internal_test.cc
+                   encryption/aes_encryption_test.cc
                    encryption/write_configurations_test.cc
                    encryption/read_configurations_test.cc
                    encryption/properties_test.cc
diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.cc b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.cc
similarity index 99%
rename from cpp/src/parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.cc
rename to cpp/src/parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.cc
index 364c8ce60d9b..91d4e8f65354 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.cc
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-#include "parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.h"
+#include "parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.h"
 
 #include <openssl/evp.h>
 #include <openssl/rand.h>
diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.h b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.h
similarity index 98%
rename from cpp/src/parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.h
rename to cpp/src/parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.h
index b804e0a6351b..31d131f4ddd3 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.h
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.h
@@ -18,11 +18,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <memory>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
 
 #include "arrow/util/span.h"
-#include "parquet/properties.h"
 #include "parquet/types.h"
 
 using parquet::ParquetCipher;
diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/encryption_internal_nossl.cc b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/aes_encryption_nossl.cc
similarity index 98%
rename from cpp/src/parquet/encryption/encryption_internal_nossl.cc
rename to cpp/src/parquet/encryption/aes_encryption_nossl.cc
index 2448d9efa9a0..00265f0695c5 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/encryption_internal_nossl.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/aes_encryption_nossl.cc
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 // specific language governing permissions and limitations
 // under the License.
 
-#include "parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.h"
+#include "parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.h"
 #include "parquet/exception.h"
 
 namespace parquet::encryption {
diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/encryption_internal_test.cc b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/aes_encryption_test.cc
similarity index 98%
rename from cpp/src/parquet/encryption/encryption_internal_test.cc
rename to cpp/src/parquet/encryption/aes_encryption_test.cc
index bf6607e32877..cfc638581d69 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/encryption_internal_test.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/aes_encryption_test.cc
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 
 #include <gtest/gtest.h>
 
-#include "parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.h"
+#include "parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.h"
+#include "parquet/encryption/encryption.h"
 
 namespace parquet::encryption::test {
 
diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/internal_file_decryptor.cc b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/internal_file_decryptor.cc
index c0e7a02961d1..417e3905e1eb 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/internal_file_decryptor.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/internal_file_decryptor.cc
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@
 #include "parquet/encryption/internal_file_decryptor.h"
 
 #include "arrow/util/logging.h"
+#include "parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.h"
 #include "parquet/encryption/encryption.h"
-#include "parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.h"
 #include "parquet/encryption/encryption_utils.h"
 #include "parquet/metadata.h"
 
diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/internal_file_encryptor.cc b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/internal_file_encryptor.cc
index 3c6be3f2f7c4..3afe4973ccd6 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/internal_file_encryptor.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/internal_file_encryptor.cc
@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@
 // under the License.
 
 #include "parquet/encryption/internal_file_encryptor.h"
+
+#include "parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.h"
 #include "parquet/encryption/encryption.h"
-#include "parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.h"
 #include "parquet/encryption/encryption_utils.h"
 
 namespace parquet {
diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/internal_file_encryptor.h b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/internal_file_encryptor.h
index 6505c353bd3b..01392a6e70cf 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/internal_file_encryptor.h
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/internal_file_encryptor.h
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@
 #include <memory>
 #include <string>
 
+#include "parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.h"
 #include "parquet/encryption/encryption.h"
-#include "parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.h"
 #include "parquet/metadata.h"
 
 namespace parquet {
diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/key_toolkit_internal.cc b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/key_toolkit_internal.cc
index 89a52a2bcd63..7b068ab8f6ab 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/key_toolkit_internal.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/encryption/key_toolkit_internal.cc
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 
 #include "arrow/util/base64.h"
 
-#include "parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.h"
+#include "parquet/encryption/encryption.h"
+#include "parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.h"
 #include "parquet/encryption/key_toolkit_internal.h"
 
 namespace parquet::encryption::internal {
diff --git a/cpp/src/parquet/metadata.cc b/cpp/src/parquet/metadata.cc
index 4556671f47ec..b219c1eb3d0a 100644
--- a/cpp/src/parquet/metadata.cc
+++ b/cpp/src/parquet/metadata.cc
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
 #include "arrow/util/key_value_metadata.h"
 #include "arrow/util/logging_internal.h"
 #include "arrow/util/pcg_random.h"
-#include "parquet/encryption/encryption_internal.h"
+#include "parquet/encryption/aes_encryption.h"
 #include "parquet/encryption/encryption_utils.h"
 #include "parquet/encryption/internal_file_decryptor.h"
 #include "parquet/exception.h"