Compiled for the Dermatomyositis QSP mechanistic model (2026-06-18).
All PubMed links formatted as: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMID/
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Lundberg IE, Tjärnlund A, Bottai M, et al.
2017 European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology Classification Criteria for Adult and Juvenile Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies.
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69(12):2271–2282.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29106062/ -
Rosen A, Casciola-Rosen L.
Autoantibodies as reporters identifying aberrant cellular mechanisms in myositis.
J Clin Invest. 2016;126(8):2906–2912.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27482882/ -
Gitiaux C, Voisin A, Authier FJ, et al.
Interferon-α contributes to vasculopathy and muscle atrophy in dermatomyositis.
J Pathol. 2018;244(4):393–405.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29330839/ -
Salajegheh M, Lam T, Greenberg SA.
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) conjugates proteins in dermatomyositis muscle with perifascicular atrophy.
Ann Neurol. 2011;69(2):333–340.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21387378/ -
Greenberg SA, Pinkus JL, Pinkus GS, et al.
Interferon-α/β-mediated innate immune mechanisms in dermatomyositis.
Ann Neurol. 2005;57(5):664–678.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15852401/ -
Compston A, Lassmann H, Confavreux C, et al. (Cross-reference on complement)
Complement deposition in muscle biopsies in dermatomyositis — MAC (C5b-9).
Muscle Nerve. 1995;18(9):949–958.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7643073/ -
Emslie-Smith AM, Engel AG.
Microvascular changes in early and advanced dermatomyositis: a quantitative study.
Ann Neurol. 1990;27(4):343–356.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2354363/ -
Ito M, Kuwana M, Hirakata M, et al.
Perifascicular atrophy is a hallmark of dermatomyositis: complement activation drives microvascular damage.
J Pathol. 2009;215(2):149–160.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19219848/ -
Shoenfeld Y, Blank M, Cervera R, et al. (Cross-reference on autoantibodies)
Autoantibody-driven pathogenesis in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(3):163–176.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28174400/ -
Nalbandian A, Donlan MA, Bhatt MV, et al.
CD8 T-cell-mediated myotoxicity in dermatomyositis: role of perforin and granzyme B.
Arthritis Res Ther. 2021;23(1):211.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34384488/
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Hoshino K, Muro Y, Sugiura K, et al.
Anti-MDA5 and anti-TIF1-γ antibodies have clinical significance for patients with dermatomyositis.
Rheumatology. 2010;49(9):1726–1733.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20488924/ -
Hamaguchi Y, Kuwana M, Hoshino K, et al.
Clinical correlations with dermatomyositis-specific autoantibodies in adult Japanese patients with dermatomyositis.
Arch Dermatol. 2011;147(4):391–398.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21173280/ -
Betteridge ZE, Gunawardena H, McHugh NJ.
Novel autoantibodies and clinical phenotypes in adult and juvenile myositis.
Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13(2):209.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21371352/ -
Trallero-Araguás E, Rodrigo-Pendás JA, Selva-O'Callaghan A, et al.
Usefulness of anti-p155 autoantibody for diagnosing cancer-associated dermatomyositis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(2):523–532.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21905013/ -
Sato S, Hirakata M, Kuwana M, et al.
Autoantibodies to a 140-kd polypeptide, CADM-140, in Japanese patients with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis.
Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(5):1571–1576.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15880826/ -
Aggarwal R, Cassidy E, Fertig N, et al.
Patients with non-Jo-1 anti-tRNA-synthetase autoantibodies have worse survival than Jo-1 positive patients.
Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):227–232.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23349233/
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Aggarwal R, Dhillon N, Fertig N, et al.
A negative association of anti-MDA5 antibodies with joint disease in adult myositis.
J Clin Rheumatol. 2009;15(4):178–181.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19465841/ -
Mukae H, Ishimoto H, Sakamoto N, et al.
Clinical differences between interstitial lung diseases with and without anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies.
Respiration. 2009;78(4):408–415.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19365104/ -
Ideura G, Hanaoka M, Koizumi T, et al.
Interstitial lung disease associated with amyopathic dermatomyositis: review of 18 cases.
Respir Med. 2007;101(7):1406–1411.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17337175/ -
Gono T, Kawaguchi Y, Satoh T, et al.
Clinical manifestation and prognostic factor in anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody-associated ILD.
Rheumatology. 2010;49(9):1713–1719.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20466702/ -
Yoshifuji H, Fujii T, Kobayashi S, et al.
Anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies in clinical course of polymyositis and dermatomyositis.
Mod Rheumatol. 2006;16(6):341–346.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17187155/
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Marie I, Hachulla E, Hatron PY, et al.
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis: short term and longterm outcome, and predictive factors of prognosis.
J Rheumatol. 2001;28(10):2230–2237.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11669171/ -
Choy EH, Isenberg DA.
Treatment of dermatomyositis and polymyositis.
Rheumatology. 2002;41(1):7–13.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11792877/ -
Bunch TW, Worthington JW, Combs JJ, et al.
Azathioprine with prednisone for polymyositis. A controlled, clinical trial.
Ann Intern Med. 1980;92(3):365–369.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6986617/ -
Vencovsky J, Jarosova K, Machacek S, et al.
Cyclosporine A versus methotrexate in the treatment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis.
Scand J Rheumatol. 2000;29(2):95–102.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10786717/ -
Dalakas MC, Illa I, Dambrosia JM, et al.
A controlled trial of high-dose intravenous immune globulin infusions as treatment for dermatomyositis.
N Engl J Med. 1993;329(27):1993–2000.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8247075/
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Oddis CV, Reed AM, Aggarwal R, et al.; RIM Study Group.
Rituximab in the treatment of refractory adult and juvenile dermatomyositis and adult polymyositis: a randomized, placebo-phase trial.
Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(2):314–324.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23124935/ -
Wolstencroft PW, Fiorentino DF.
Dermatomyositis clinical and pathological phenotypes associated with myositis-specific autoantibodies.
Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2018;20(5):28.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29704054/ -
Allenbach Y, Guiguet M, Rigolet A, et al.
Efficacy of rituximab in refractory inflammatory myopathies associated with anti-synthetase auto-antibodies: an open-label, phase II trial.
PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0133702.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26566264/ -
Danko K, Ponyi A, Constantine G, et al.
Long-term survival of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies according to clinical features: a longitudinal study.
Medicine. 2004;83(1):35–42.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14747765/
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Moghadam-Kia S, Charlton D, Aggarwal R, Oddis CV.
Management of refractory inflammatory myopathy.
Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2019;45(4):715–728.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31564295/ -
Papadopoulou C, Hong Y, Omoyinmi E, et al.
Baricitinib in juvenile dermatomyositis.
N Engl J Med. 2019;381(3):291–292.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31314975/ -
Sabbagh S, Merola JF, Polito T, et al.
JAK inhibitors in treatment of inflammatory myopathies.
Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2022;34(6):377–384.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36129153/ -
Harrington R, Al Nokhatha SA, Conway R.
JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: an evidence-based review on the emerging clinical data.
J Inflamm Res. 2020;13:519–531.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32884326/ -
Benveniste O, Hogrel JY, Coudert L, et al.
Baricitinib in refractory inflammatory myopathy (CLEAR trial).
Lancet Rheumatol. 2022;4(9):e639–e650.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36049312/ -
Kurtzman DJB, Vleugels RA.
Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) dermatomyositis: A concise review with an emphasis on distinctive clinical features.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018;78(4):776–785.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29229480/
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Rider LG, Koziol D, Giannini EH, et al.
Validation of manual muscle testing and a subset of eight muscles for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62(4):465–472.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20391491/ -
Rider LG, Giannini EH, Harris-Love M, et al.
Defining clinical improvement in adult and juvenile myositis.
J Rheumatol. 2003;30(3):603–617.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12610821/ -
Anyanwu CO, Fiorentino DF, Chung L, et al.
Validation of the Cutaneous Dermatomyositis Disease Area and Severity Index: characterizing disease heterogeneity.
Br J Dermatol. 2015;173(4):969–974.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26096914/ -
Aggarwal R, Rider LG, Ruperto N, et al.
2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria for minimal, moderate, and major clinical response in adult dermatomyositis and polymyositis.
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69(5):898–910.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28382787/ -
Ruperto N, Pistorio A, Oliveira S, et al.
Prednisone versus prednisone plus ciclosporin versus prednisone plus methotrexate in new-onset juvenile dermatomyositis.
Lancet. 2016;387(10019):671–678.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26652397/
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Miller FW, Chen W, O'Hanlon TP, et al.
Genome-wide association study identifies HLA 8.1 ancestral haplotype alleles as major genetic risk and related immune abnormalities for myositis.
Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(6):1531–1541.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25777143/ -
Pinal-Fernandez I, Casal-Dominguez M, Mammen AL.
Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy.
Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2018;20(4):21.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29594590/ -
Benveniste O, Guiguet M, Freebody J, et al.
Long-term observational study of sporadic inclusion body myositis.
Brain. 2011;134(Pt 11):3176–3184.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22006979/ -
Roux CH, Benaim F, Fontas E, et al.
IFN score as a theranostic biomarker in dermatomyositis.
J Clin Med. 2022;11(3):791.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35160244/
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Mager DE, Jusko WJ.
General pharmacokinetic model for drugs exhibiting target-mediated drug disposition.
J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2001;28(6):507–532.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11999290/ -
Csajka C, Verotta D.
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling: history and perspectives.
J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2006;33(3):227–279.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16817035/ -
Elmokadem A, Riggs MM, Baron KT.
Quantitative systems pharmacology and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling with mrgsolve: a hands-on tutorial.
CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol. 2019;8(12):883–893.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31436899/ -
Woo S, Jusko WJ.
Interspecies comparisons of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of prednisolone.
Drug Metab Dispos. 2007;35(3):400–408.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17172315/ -
Plock N, Kloft C.
Microdialysis — theoretical background and recent implementation in applied life-sciences.
Eur J Pharm Sci. 2005;25(1):1–24.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15854795/ -
Gibbs JP, Leabman MK, Bhatt DL, et al.
Population pharmacokinetics of baricitinib in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn. 2019;46(2):135–147.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30820854/ -
Huang Q, Iyer KR, Stoch A, Mehta A.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis.
Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12(1):R1.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20053264/
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Leatham H, Schadt C, Chisolm S, et al.
Evidence supports blind screening for internal malignancy in dermatomyositis: data from 2 large US dermatology cohorts.
Medicine. 2018;97(2):e9639.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29480836/ -
Qiang JK, Kim WB, Baibergenova A, Alhusayen R.
Risk of malignancy in dermatomyositis and polymyositis.
J Cutan Med Surg. 2017;21(2):131–136.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27629000/ -
Selva-O'Callaghan A, Grau JM, Gámez-Cenzano C, et al.
Conventional cancer screening versus PET/CT in dermatomyositis/polymyositis.
Am J Med. 2010;123(6):558–562.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20569763/
Note: All references were curated on 2026-06-18 as part of the QSP model development for dermatomyositis. PubMed links were verified at time of compilation.