att.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from keras import backend as K
from keras.engine.topology import Layer


# 利用Keras构造注意力机制层
class Attention(Layer):
    def __init__(self, attention_size, **kwargs):
        self.attention_size = attention_size
        super(Attention, self).__init__(**kwargs)

    def build(self, input_shape):
        # W: (EMBED_SIZE, ATTENTION_SIZE)
        # b: (ATTENTION_SIZE, 1)
        # u: (ATTENTION_SIZE, 1)
        self.W = self.add_weight(name="W_{:s}".format(self.name),
                                 shape=(input_shape[-1], self.attention_size),
                                 initializer="glorot_normal",
                                 trainable=True)
        self.b = self.add_weight(name="b_{:s}".format(self.name),
                                 shape=(input_shape[1], 1),
                                 initializer="zeros",
                                 trainable=True)
        self.u = self.add_weight(name="u_{:s}".format(self.name),
                                 shape=(self.attention_size, 1),
                                 initializer="glorot_normal",
                                 trainable=True)
        super(Attention, self).build(input_shape)

    def call(self, x, mask=None):
        # input: (BATCH_SIZE, MAX_TIMESTEPS, EMBED_SIZE)
        # et: (BATCH_SIZE, MAX_TIMESTEPS, ATTENTION_SIZE)
        et = K.tanh(K.dot(x, self.W) + self.b)
        # at: (BATCH_SIZE, MAX_TIMESTEPS)
        at = K.softmax(K.squeeze(K.dot(et, self.u), axis=-1))
        if mask is not None:
            at *= K.cast(mask, K.floatx())
        # ot: (BATCH_SIZE, MAX_TIMESTEPS, EMBED_SIZE)
        atx = K.expand_dims(at, axis=-1)
        ot = atx * x
        # output: (BATCH_SIZE, EMBED_SIZE)
        output = K.sum(ot, axis=1)
        return output

    def compute_mask(self, input, input_mask=None):
        return None

    def compute_output_shape(self, input_shape):
        return (input_shape[0], input_shape[-1])

    # 该函数用于保存和加载模型时使用
    def get_config(self):
        config = {"attention_size": self.attention_size}
        base_config = super(Attention, self).get_config()
        return dict(list(base_config.items()) + list(config.items()))