diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index c72e84f14..68645c4f0 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1113,7 +1113,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "slog-term",
  "statistical",
  "tempfile",
- "thiserror 1.0.66",
+ "thiserror 1.0.69",
  "tokio",
  "tokio-rustls 0.24.1",
  "tokio-util",
diff --git a/integration_tests/src/lib.rs b/integration_tests/src/lib.rs
index 122220ec8..ecc5b016d 100644
--- a/integration_tests/src/lib.rs
+++ b/integration_tests/src/lib.rs
@@ -5747,6 +5747,75 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(vec![0x55_u8; BLOCK_SIZE * 10], &buffer[..]);
     }
 
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn test_volume_replace_vcr_rerun_ok() {
+        const BLOCK_SIZE: usize = 512;
+        let log = csl();
+
+        // Make three downstairs
+        let tds = TestDownstairsSet::small(false).await.unwrap();
+        let opts = tds.opts();
+        let volume_id = Uuid::new_v4();
+
+        let original = VolumeConstructionRequest::Volume {
+            id: volume_id,
+            block_size: BLOCK_SIZE as u64,
+            sub_volumes: vec![VolumeConstructionRequest::Region {
+                block_size: BLOCK_SIZE as u64,
+                blocks_per_extent: tds.blocks_per_extent(),
+                extent_count: tds.extent_count(),
+                opts: opts.clone(),
+                gen: 2,
+            }],
+            read_only_parent: None,
+        };
+
+        let volume = Volume::construct(original.clone(), None, log.clone())
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+        volume.activate().await.unwrap();
+
+        // Make one new downstairs
+        let new_downstairs = tds.new_downstairs().await.unwrap();
+
+        let mut new_opts = tds.opts().clone();
+        new_opts.target[0] = new_downstairs.address();
+
+        // Our "new" VCR must have a new downstairs in the opts, and have
+        // the generation number be larger than the original.
+        let replacement = VolumeConstructionRequest::Volume {
+            id: volume_id,
+            block_size: BLOCK_SIZE as u64,
+            sub_volumes: vec![VolumeConstructionRequest::Region {
+                block_size: BLOCK_SIZE as u64,
+                blocks_per_extent: tds.blocks_per_extent(),
+                extent_count: tds.extent_count(),
+                opts: new_opts.clone(),
+                gen: 3,
+            }],
+            read_only_parent: None,
+        };
+
+        // If the caller (eg Propolis) is polled by Nexus with a `replacement`
+        // VCR, the first call will modify the block backend's VCR, and the
+        // subsequent polls will eventually be comparing two VCRs that are
+        // equal. Test that this doesn't produce an Err.
+        assert_eq!(
+            ReplaceResult::Started,
+            volume
+                .target_replace(original, replacement.clone())
+                .await
+                .unwrap(),
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            ReplaceResult::VcrMatches,
+            volume
+                .target_replace(replacement.clone(), replacement)
+                .await
+                .unwrap(),
+        );
+    }
+
     /// Getting a volume's status should work even if something else took over
     #[tokio::test]
     async fn test_pantry_get_status_after_activation() {
diff --git a/upstairs/src/volume.rs b/upstairs/src/volume.rs
index 17b3737c3..ddc7d9463 100644
--- a/upstairs/src/volume.rs
+++ b/upstairs/src/volume.rs
@@ -1427,6 +1427,8 @@ impl Volume {
         }
 
         if all_same {
+            // The caller should have already compared original and replacement
+            // VCRs. This function expects there to be some difference.
             crucible_bail!(ReplaceRequestInvalid, "The VCRs have no difference")
         }
 
@@ -1599,27 +1601,27 @@ impl Volume {
         }
     }
 
-    // Given two VCRs where we expect the only type to be a
-    // VolumeConstructionRequest::Region.  The VCR can be from a sub_volume
-    // or a read_only_parent.  The caller is expected to know how to
-    // handle the result depending on what it sends us.
-    //
-    // We return:
-    // VCRDelta::Same
-    // If the two VCRs are identical
-    //
-    // VCRDelta::Generation
-    // If it's just a generation number increase in the new VCR.
-    //
-    // VCRDelta::NewMissing
-    // If the new VCR is missing (None).
-    //
-    // VCRDelta::Target(old_target, new_target)
-    // If we have both a generation number increase, and one and only
-    // one target is different in the new VCR.
-    //
-    // Any other difference is an error, and an error returned here means the
-    // VCRs are incompatible in a way that prevents one from replacing another.
+    /// Given two VCRs where we expect the only type to be a
+    /// VolumeConstructionRequest::Region.  The VCR can be from a sub_volume
+    /// or a read_only_parent.  The caller is expected to know how to
+    /// handle the result depending on what it sends us.
+    ///
+    /// We return:
+    /// VCRDelta::Same
+    /// If the two VCRs are identical
+    ///
+    /// VCRDelta::Generation
+    /// If it's just a generation number increase in the new VCR.
+    ///
+    /// VCRDelta::NewMissing
+    /// If the new VCR is missing (None).
+    ///
+    /// VCRDelta::Target(old_target, new_target)
+    /// If we have both a generation number increase, and one and only
+    /// one target is different in the new VCR.
+    ///
+    /// Any other difference is an error, and an error returned here means the
+    /// VCRs are incompatible in a way that prevents one from replacing another.
     fn compare_vcr_region_for_replacement(
         log: &Logger,
         o_vol: &VolumeConstructionRequest,
@@ -1847,6 +1849,10 @@ impl Volume {
         original: VolumeConstructionRequest,
         replacement: VolumeConstructionRequest,
     ) -> Result<ReplaceResult, CrucibleError> {
+        if original == replacement {
+            return Ok(ReplaceResult::VcrMatches);
+        }
+
         let (original_target, new_target) =
             match Self::compare_vcr_for_target_replacement(
                 original,